{"id":78,"date":"2021-07-17T03:14:24","date_gmt":"2021-07-17T03:14:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/?p=78"},"modified":"2021-09-26T06:04:16","modified_gmt":"2021-09-26T06:04:16","slug":"cai-yuanpei-%e8%94%a1%e5%85%83%e5%9f%b9-meishu-yu-kexue-de-guanxi-%e7%be%8e%e6%9c%af%e4%b8%8e%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e7%9a%84%e5%85%b3%e7%b3%bb-the-relation-between-art-and-science-be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/2021\/07\/17\/cai-yuanpei-%e8%94%a1%e5%85%83%e5%9f%b9-meishu-yu-kexue-de-guanxi-%e7%be%8e%e6%9c%af%e4%b8%8e%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e7%9a%84%e5%85%b3%e7%b3%bb-the-relation-between-art-and-science-be\/","title":{"rendered":"The relation between art and science \u201cMeishu yu kexue de guanxi\u201d \u7f8e\u672f\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u7cfb. Beijing daxue rikan \u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u65e5\u520a (1921): 168-179."},"content":{"rendered":"

Please see the PDF version of this text here<\/a>\u00a0for footnotes.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Cai, Yuanpei, The Relation between Science and Art<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Translated by Wendy Xue and Yuning Yan<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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There are three aspects within our psychology: Will, knowledge and emotion. Will is reflected in behaviour, which belongs to ethics. Knowledge comes from different branches of science, and emotions belong to art; It is natural that in conducting ourselves as human beings the main aspect that needs to be taken into account is behaviour, but we cannot forget the other two. For example, walking is a behaviour, but before walking you need to investigate things such as: which road we should take, and when we would arrive at the destination.Once we have investigated these questions thoroughly, we will have the knowledge of walking. However, if you do not feel like walking, you will never walk, or if you do not have motivation to walk somewhere, you will neverget to the destination. Another example of behaviour is kicking a ball, but we need to first study the technique of kicking. We will have the knowledge of kicking a ball once we know how to kick. However, If you do not feel like kicking, you will never be good at it. Therefore we cannot favour one and ignore the other when it comes to knowledge and emotions, and the same goes for science and art.<\/td>\r\n\r\n

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There are differences between science and art; science is conceptual, and art is intuitive.<\/p>\r\n

For example, describing a flower from a scientific point of view, one would say that it was a plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family, conceptually defining it as a plant and as an organism.\u2019 However If you look at it from an artistic perspective, the shape and colour of this Chrysanthemum is pleasing to the eye, and it does not matter whether or not it is called Chrysanthemum. What are the other Asteraceae plants like? What are the plants like? What are the organisms like? All of these matter even less. Take tables as another example. Scientifically, the proportion of the surface and four legs conforms to the principles of kinematics. So regardless of the types of tables, as well as similar chairs and stools, the same theory applies. Consequently, the same theory can be applied to the relation between roofs and pillars. These can all be achieved conceptually. If we look at it from an artistic perspective, the tabletop merely needs to have a proper vertical and horizontal ratio,\u00a0 as well as a proper arrangement of thickness of the legs, size and thickness of its tabletop. There is no need to branch out to other tables or other apparatus. Although science is different from art, there are places where an artistic perspective can be applied in various sciences.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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Arithmetic is a dull science, but in one type of art, the technique of kirikane.<\/em> is used. All rectangular objects that mostly conform with aesthetics, have the width to length ratio of 3:5, 5:8, 8:13, and so on. This pattern applies to circles too.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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The point, line, and surface in geometry are strict and uninteresting, but a part of pattern painting, is surprisingly a combination of dots, straight lines, curves or triangles, squares, circles etc. In addition, the various shapes of buildings or tools, are still nothing more than the arrangement of straight lines and curves. Is it not beautiful?<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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The volume of sound in acoustics, is nothing more than the number of vibrations the sound device makes persecond. But once a complex instrument is arranged with intricate sheet music, sound can become refined music.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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Also, the difference in colours in optics, is merely the difference in the vibration speed of light. But to approach them with artistic affect; red and yellow are exciting. Blue and green are calming. And arranging various saturated or unsaturated colours together, can even evoke various emotions that are beautiful.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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Mineralogy is only for the purpose of using minerals. But the resulting beautiful crystals, as well as radiance from gold and various types of gems, can be very pleasing to the eye.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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Biology admittedly shows the similarities and differences of the structures of animals and plants and theirphysiological functions . But as a result, it also sheds some light on the beauty of various plants and flowers,animal fur and feathers, as well as their contours. Scholars of biology constantly come across all the materials artists use for sculptures, paintings, or decorations.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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We can certainly understand the rules of gravity for all sorts of celestial bodies, as well as the number of constellations through astronomy. However, there are many more opportunities to appreciate that which has been admired for by scholars of literature for thousands of years, such as the enchanting moonlight and twinkle of the stars.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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From the examples given above, people who study science not only can also choose several kinds of art for self-cultivation in their spare time. They can also find art interesting even from the science they specialise in. Is it not killing two birds with one stone?<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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Oftentimes we see people who specialize in science but are not involved in art, inevitably it is hard to avoid astate of desolation without inspiration. When you are extremely uninspired, other than the mandatory duties for survival, you disguise inferior entertainment as superior entertainment, which is vulgar. This is how yougradually become a misanthropic lunatic, because specialising in science is too conceptual, analytical and mechanical. For example, what kind of beings were humans transformed from? Purely from a scientist\u2019s point of view, anatomy is simply a few bones and piles of muscles, that are differentiated from simply a few original matters. If science advances, we can certainly manufacture humans, just as we do now with machines. In addition, nothing can escape the law of causation.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\u5e38\u5e38\u770b\u89c1\u4e13\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u517c\u6d89\u7f8e\u672f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u6709\u8427\u7d22\u65e0\u804a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u65e0\u804a\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e8e\u751f\u5b58\u4e0a\u5f3a\u8feb\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4fd7\u7684\u662f\u501f\u4f4e\u52a3\u7684\u5a31\u4e50\u4f5c\u6d88\u9063\u9ad8\u7684\uff1b\u662f\u6e10\u6e10\u7684\u6210\u4e86\u538c\u4e16\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u75c5\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e13\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u592a\u504f\u4e8e\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u592a\u504f\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u592a\u504f\u4e8e\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u4eba\u662f\u4f55\u7b49\u7075\u53d8\uff0c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1f\u7167\u5355\u7eaf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u773c\u5149\uff1a\u89e3\u5256\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u51e0\u6839\u9aa8\u5934\uff0c\u51e0\u5806\u7b4b\u8089\u3002\u5316\u5206\u8d77\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u51e0\u79cd\u539f\u8d28\u3002\u8981\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u9020\u751f\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u5236\u9020\u673a\u68b0\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u517c\u4e14\u51e1\u4e8b\u90fd\u9003\u4e0d\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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For example, it can be assumed today\u2019s speech is predetermined in accordance to the law of causation to an extreme. Why am I in Hunan now?\u00a0 Why did I come to Hunan First Normal University today?\u00a0 Why must I say these words?\u00a0 Why must you be the ones who came here to listen today? There are various reasons for these questions. We managed to gather here today not because of free will. Even the life and death of a person, the survival of a country and the destruction of the world are all mechanical effects, and there is no free will to change them. If you hold such a mechanical outlook on life and the world, not only will you lose joy in life and passion for society, for the science you specialise in, all you do is drawing dippers with gourds as model, and there is absolutely no spirit for innovation.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\u65e2\u5982\u6211\u4eca\u65e5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u8c08\uff0c\u7167\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5f8b\u8bb2\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u524d\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6b64\u65f6\u5230\u6e56\u5357\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eca\u65e5\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u6821\uff1b\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4e00\u5b9a\u8bb2\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6765\u542c\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u8bf8\u4f4d\uff1f\u8fd9\u90fd\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6e4a\u6cca\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u7adf\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6b7b\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b58\u4ea1\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6210\u6bc1\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u673a\u68b0\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u7684\u3002\u62b1\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u7adf\u65e0\u751f\u8da3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7231\u60c5\uff1b\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6cbb\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u300c\u4f9d\u6837\u753b\u846b\u82a6\uff0c\u300d\u51b3\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u9020\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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To prevent this kind of impediment, we need to cultivate both knowledge and emotion. That is, to study art as well as science. Once we have interest in art, we will not only feel that life is meaningful and valuable, but also, you will have the spirit of courage and liveliness. even when we study science. Ladies and gentlemen, please give it a try.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\u9632\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d41\u5f0a\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ee5\u5916\u517c\u517b\u611f\u60c5\uff1b\u5c31\u662f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u517c\u6cbb\u7f8e\u672f\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u7f8e\u672f\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u89c9\u5f97\u4eba\u751f\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff1b\u5c31\u662f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u6dfb\u4e86\u52c7\u6562\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u8bf7\u8bf8\u541b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e00\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Edmund S.K. Fung. (2013). Touches of History: An Entry into \u201cMay Fourth\u201d China<\/em>, translated by Chen Pingyuan. The China Journal<\/em>, 69 (2013): 240\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/668934<\/p>\r\n

Gao Pingshu. “Cai Yuanpei\u2019s Contributions to China\u2019s Science.” In Chinese Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology<\/em>, edited by Fan Dainian and Robert S. Cohen, 395-417. Dordrecht: Springer, 1996.<\/p>\r\n

Tang Lingyun \u6c64\u51cc\u4e91. \u201c1920 niandai zhongguo meiyu lilun jianshe de jiben tedian\u201d \u00a01920\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f8e\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u70b9 [The fundamental features of the establishment of aesthetic education in China in the 1920s]. Nantong daxue xuebao (jiaoyu kexue ban)<\/em> \u5357\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5(\u6559\u80b2\u79d1\u5b66\u7248) (2007): 52-56.<\/p>\r\n

Vera Schwarcz. The Chinese enlightenment: Intellectuals and the legacy of the May Fourth Movement of 1919<\/em>. Vol. 27. University of California Press, 1986. 48-49.<\/p>\r\n

Yu Jialou \u55bb\u5bb6\u697c. \u201chanyu chengyu ying yi cidian\u201d \u6c49\u8bed\u6210\u8bed\u82f1\u8bd1\u8bcd\u5178 [Dictionary of English Translation of Chinese Idioms]. University of Science and Technology of China Press, 1998, 688.<\/p>\r\n

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