{"id":627,"date":"2022-10-07T03:31:04","date_gmt":"2022-10-07T03:31:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/?p=627"},"modified":"2022-10-13T04:25:37","modified_gmt":"2022-10-13T04:25:37","slug":"history-of-the-building-of-the-australian-nation-%e6%be%b3%e6%b4%b2%e5%bb%ba%e5%9b%bd%e5%8f%b2-preface-%e5%ba%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/2022\/10\/07\/history-of-the-building-of-the-australian-nation-%e6%be%b3%e6%b4%b2%e5%bb%ba%e5%9b%bd%e5%8f%b2-preface-%e5%ba%8f\/","title":{"rendered":"History of the Building of the Australian Nation \u6fb3\u6d32\u5efa\u56fd\u53f2 – Preface \u5e8f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Preface \u5e8f<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Translated by Sun Siyuan & Joshua Peace<\/p>\r\n

Please see the PDF version of this text here<\/a>\u00a0for footnotes.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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The continent of Australia, otherwise known as simply Australia,[1]<\/a> is located in the Southwest Pacific Ocean. It was still desolate and undeveloped 150 years ago.<\/a> Since the commencement of British colonisation in Australia in 1788, painstaking efforts have been made and numerous difficulties have been overcome to lay the foundation of a nation. Today, this vast nation is flourishing in both prosperity and power. Britain now looks at Australia with newfound respect and has granted the country autonomy. Nations the world over have been awed by Australia\u2019s formation and have been eager to establish diplomatic relationships with this rising power in the Southern Hemisphere.<\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> The author uses the term \u2018\u6fb3\u6d32\u2019 (Aozhou<\/em>) to refer to Australia throughout this book, although Australia is also known as Aodaliya<\/em> \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9e in Chinese. As zhou<\/em> \u6d32 means continent, it should be noted that it can denote the continent of Australia rather than the country. However, in the original text, the author states here that his usage of Aozhou <\/em>refers to Aodaliya<\/em>, in other words the country of Australia. Besides, the author tends to use the term \u2018\u6fb3\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u2019 (Aozhou dalu<\/em>) to refer to the Australian continent to distinguish it from Australia as a country. As such, Aozhou <\/em>is almost exclusively rendered as \u2018Australia\u2019 in this translation.<\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Here the author speaks from a Eurocentric perspective that neglects the tens of thousands of years of Indigenous history in Australia. This disregard for Indigenous history was pervasive in studies on Australia\u2019s history at the time this book was published. More information regarding the history of Australia\u2019s Indigenous peoples can be found in Bruce Pascoe, Dark Emu: Aboriginal Australia and the Birth of Agriculture<\/em> (Magabala Books, 2018).<\/p>\r\n

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Currently, Australia has a population of less than seven million people, despite having a total area of more than three million square English miles.[1]<\/a> It covers an area equivalent to that of the United States, but its population is not even as large as that of New York City. As such, political commentators often ask: How can a nation be founded on such a vast yet sparsely populated landmass? Nonetheless, it is no mere accident that Australia is what it is today. In fact, its formation seems only natural once the efforts made in Australia over the past hundred or more years are examined and the natural conditions favourable to nation building are taken into account. The prospects for the further development of Australia are unlimited if it is able to find an effective way to increase its population. It is said that \u2018the Australia of today will be the America of tomorrow\u2019, a statement that will not be difficult for Australia to make reality.\r\n

[1]<\/a> Here \u2018English miles\u2019 refers to English statute miles. Prior to the International Yard and Pound Agreement of 1959, there was a slight discrepancy between the miles used in the UK, the US and various Commonwealth nations. This book predates this agreement, therefore the author chose to give Australia\u2019s area in English statute miles for accuracy. Now disused, English statute miles were equivalent to 1609.341 metres, whereas today\u2019s miles (otherwise known as international miles), as stipulated under the International Yard and Pound Agreement, equate to 1609.344 metres. See Lewis\u00a0V. Judson,\u00a0Weights and Measures Standards of the United States: A Brief History<\/em>\u00a0(Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1963), 30-31.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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There are many Chinese researchers and a wealth of Chinese writings on the politics, economics and societies of Europe and the United States. In contrast, Chinese researchers on Australia are few and far between. There is a pronounced lack of Chinese-language publications about Australia, which makes it difficult for Chinese scholars to find information about the country. Having spent many years in Australia, I find pleasure in researching and examining the general political, economic and social phenomena of the country. I am particularly interested in, and have extensively studied, the feats accomplished over the past hundred or more years to establish this nation. I have thought about compiling my knowledge into a book for a long time, to provide my compatriots with a specialist reference on Australia. Regrettably, I was unable to bring most of my materials about Australia back with me when I returned to China during the war. This, coupled with the fact that it is not easy to collect such information in China, meant that I did not dare pick up my pen for many years. This work heavily relied on the help of the Australian envoy Sir Eggleston (1875-1954),[1]<\/a> as well as encouragement and motivation from many individuals such as Liang Dapeng \u6881\u5927\u9d6c (1911-1998), Yang Juetian \u694a\u89ba\u5929 (1904-1970), Zheng Zhaochen \u912d\u5146\u8fb0 (dates unknown) and Ren Dasheng \u4efb\u9054\u751f (1917-1947). I would like to express my thanks to Liang and Ren for taking time to review the manuscript of this book. They provided me with detailed comments and many suggestions. Lastly, I must say that this book is far from comprehensive due to time constraints relating to its publication. Errors are inevitable and can only be polished out at a later date. I look forward to being taught by readers as this book\u2019s inadequacies and mistakes are found.<\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Serving in China from 1941 to 1944, Sir Frederic Eggleston was the first diplomatic representative posted to the Republic of China by Australia. Although we have translated shi<\/em> \u4f7f as \u2018envoy\u2019 here, Eggleston was officially known as the Australian Minister to China. As an early proponent of Australian engagement in the Asia-Pacific region, Eggleston left a legacy of productive relations between Australia and China. More information regarding Eggleston, as well as other influential Australian figures in China in the 1940s and 1950s, can be found in William Sima, China & ANU: Diplomats, adventurers, scholars<\/em> (Canberra: ANU Press, 2015).<\/p>\r\n

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Preface by Luo Jiezi \u99f1\u4ecb\u5b50 from the provisional capital of Chongqing[1]<\/a> on the 1st<\/sup> of April, ROC (minguo<\/em> \u6c11\u570b) 33.[2]<\/a><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Chongqing, formerly romanised as Chungking, was China\u2019s provisional capital (peidu<\/em> \u966a\u90fd) from 1937 to 1945.<\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> This date is equivalent to the 1st<\/sup> of April, 1944. The calendar used by the author is the Republic of China (ROC) calendar (Zhonghua Minguo li<\/em>\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u570b\u5386). Following Chinese dynastic tradition, it designates years according to the year of the ruling dynasty\u2019s reign. The ROC was founded in 1912, making 1912 the first year on this calendar, therefore ROC 33 is equivalent to 1944. Months and days under this system are identical to the Gregorian calendar.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\"Creative<\/a>
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