{"id":366,"date":"2021-10-13T00:28:07","date_gmt":"2021-10-13T00:28:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/?p=366"},"modified":"2021-11-03T03:59:07","modified_gmt":"2021-11-03T03:59:07","slug":"wang-yachen-conditions-that-should-be-considered-in-painting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/2021\/10\/13\/wang-yachen-conditions-that-should-be-considered-in-painting\/","title":{"rendered":"Wang Yachen \u6c6a\u4e9a\u5c18: Conditions that Should be Considered in Painting \u7ed8\u753b\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6"},"content":{"rendered":"

Translated by\u00a0Shangze Li, Siqi Wu, Jane Huang and Qiang Yuan<\/p>\r\n

Please see the PDF version of this text here<\/a>\u00a0for footnotes.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
Conditions that Should be Considered in Painting <\/span><\/b><\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u7ed8\u753b\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Over the past few years, Western painting in China has entered its initial phase of introduction. It is likely that those who learn painting will stray from the correct direction if they do not have a reliable set of guiding principles. Therefore, at the beginning of this article, I would like to give those beginners in the field some advice.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u6211\u570b\u6d0b\u756b\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u53ef\u8aac\u662f\u521d\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u5b78\u756b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u628a\u65b9\u91dd\u6349\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u514d\u8d70\u5165\u6b67\u9014\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u9019\u7bc7\u8d77\u9996\uff0c\u5148\u8981\u5c0d\u65bc\u521d\u5b78\u6d0b\u756b\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u5e7e\u53e5\u5fe0\u544a\uff01<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

People studying Western painting in the past few years attach much importance to the instructors. They tend to imitate strokes drawn casually by their instructors. Yet, they barely know anything about the theories and principles of Western painting. Since the May Fourth Movement, students from all over the country have learned some lessons and have begun to use their initiative in the learning process.[1]<\/a> This important ideological trend has also enlightened a generation of students of Western painting. I believe that there are bound to be a considerable amount of people who disagree with the authority of the instructor. The instructor is but a guide who goes one step further than the student. However, there has never been any fixed school of thought in the education of fine art. Thus, we must not regard the paintings drawn by our instructors as models. Similarly, we must not imitate the paintings in Western printed painting albums or on postcards. Additionally, we should avoid directly copying the topics of the paintings of others as well. This kind of copying habit is a hindrance to the development of “individuality”.[2]<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u524d\u5e7e\u5e74\u4e00\u822c\u5b78\u6d0b\u756b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6559\u54e1\uff0c\u770b\u5f97\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6559\u54e1\u96a8\u4fbf\u756b\u5e7e\u7b46\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4f9d\u4e86\u4ed6\u53bb\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u53ef\u8aac\u5c0d\u65bc\u5b78\u7406\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u9ede\u591a\u4e0d\u66c9\u5f97\uff0c\u81ea\u5f9e\u4e94\u56db\u904b\u52d5\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5168\u570b\u5404\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u53d7\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u6975\u5927\u7684\u6559\u8a13\uff0c\u90fd\u66c9\u5f97\u81ea\u52d5\u8d77\u4f86\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u8f29\u5b78\u7e6a\u756b\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u96a8\u7740\u9019\u500b\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u597d\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u89ba\u609f\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\uff1b\u6211\u66c9\u5f97\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u8d0a\u6210\u6559\u54e1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u6559\u54e1\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u5c0e\u8005.\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b78\u751f\u5148\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7f77\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u8853\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\u8b1b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f86\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u78ba\u5be6\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u6559\u54e1\u756b\u7684\u756b\uff0c\u842c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7576\u505a\u7bc4\u672c\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u897f\u6d0b\u4f86\u7684\u5370\u5237\u756b\u5e16\u54a7\uff0c\u660e\u4fe1\u7247\u54a7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5207\u4e0d\u53ef\u6a21\u5beb\uff1b\u770b\u898b\u4e86\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u756b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u56e0\u8972\u505a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u756b\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u81e8\u6479\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u662f\u767c\u5c55\u201c\u500b\u6027\u201d\u7684\u969c\u7919\u7269\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

First of all, we should find models in the “infinite variety” of nature. That is to say, we should discard all thought of copying and start from “personality” and “creativity”. This “creativity” must be carried out without any hesitation, because all that we see in our daily life can be regarded as models. Therefore, we are able to find a variety of subjects of painting as long as we observe the objects and phenomena that we see in daily life from the aspects of “line”, “color” and “tone”. Whether to draw sketches or color paintings depends on personal preferences.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u53ea\u8981\u5f9e\u5ee3\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u201c\u68ee\u7f85\u842c\u8c61\u201d\uff0c\u88cf\u9762\u53bb\u627e\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7bc4\u672c\uff0c\u63db\u4e00\u53e5\u8aac\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u6479\u5beb\uff0c\u5f9e\u201c\u500b\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5275\u9020\u201d\u65b9\u9762\u9032\u884c\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0d\u53ef\u9072\u7591\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u660e\u65e5\u5c31\u8981\u5be6\u884c\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9072\u7591\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u65e5\u5e38\u6240\u89f8\u76ee\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7bc4\u672c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5c07\u773c\u775b\u6240\u770b\u898b\u7684\u7269\u8c61\uff0c\u5f9e\u201c\u7dda\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u8272\u5f69\u201d,\u201c\u8abf\u5b50\u201d\u65b9\u9762\u89c0\u5bdf\u8d77\u4f86\uff1b\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u767c\u898b\u8a31\u591a\u756b\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u756b\u984c\u96a8\u5404\u4eba\u6240\u6b61\u559c\uff0c \u7528\u7d20\u63cf\u4e5f\u53ef\uff0c\u7528\u8272\u5f69\u4e5f\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

For example, on a hazy winter\u2019s morning, when the bladder-cherry-colored sun is rising from the horizon, it casts the sloping purple shadows of the pedestrians on the road.[3]<\/a>\u00a0The light also becomes a gorgeous tone. This is an excellent example of painting subjects in nature.<\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u51ac\u5929\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u65e9\u6668\uff0c\u90a3\u9178\u6f3f\u8272\u7684\u592a\u967d\u6607\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u884c\u8def \u7684\u4eba\u540c\u6a23\u5e36\u7740\u7d2b\u8272\u7684\u659c\u5f71\uff0c\u518d\u8005\u90a3\u5149\u7dda\u5c04\u7740\u7269\u9ad4\u4e0a\u6210\u70ba\u6975\u7f8e\u89c0\u7684\u8abf\u5b50\uff1b\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u597d\u756b\u984c\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

When you look at yourself in the mirror, if you imagine your personality and appearance to be a “self-portrait”, then the smoothness of your skin, your complexion as well as all your facial expressions are perceptible. A painter should be able to see through these secrets and then start to draw by using specific techniques. In this way, we will gradually discover their mysteries, mysteries that cannot be observed by the naked eye. What we have discussed above can be referred to as a systematic attitude towards the study of art.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u8b6c\u5982\u5411\u93e1\u4e2d\u7167\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9854\u9762\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u548c\u76f8\u8c8c\uff0c\u4f86\u4f5c \u201c\u81ea\u756b\u50cf\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebd\u76ae\u819a\u7684\u7c97\u7d30\uff0c\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7684\u8840\u8272\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u77ac\u6642\u7684\u8868\u60c5\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u8fa8\u8b58\uff0c\u7e6a\u756b\u4eba\u7684\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u5148\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u7834\u90a3\u4e9b\u79d8\u5bc6\uff0c\u518d\u4f9d\u7740\u624b\u6cd5 \u53bb\u756b.\u6162\u6162\u5e95\u5c31\u6703\u627e\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u795e\u79d8\uff0c\u2014\u2014\u9019\u795e\u79d8\u662f\u6307\u5be9\u5bdf\u4e0d\u51fa\u7684\u6771\u897f\u800c\u8aac\uff0c\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u8aac\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u85dd\u8853\u4e0a\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Some people may not be able to accept such a systematic attitude. This is probably due to their unfortunate experience of being forced to copy the works of others in primary school. Although they are now students majoring in painting, this lousy habit remains in their mind. Free painting, which is also undertaken by people, requires us to start from absolute freedom. Furthermore, nature should be deeply engraved upon our hearts. We must recognize that, in the education of painting, there is hardly a way to develop initiative among the students. That is why we should abolish this obsolete pedagogical method of copying. We should always bear in mind that we must engrave the very existence of aesthetics deeply in our minds. With the help of this kind of feeling, it would be easier for us to appreciate the mysterious music of nature.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u9019\u500b\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u770b\u4e0d\u6163\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u53ef\u77e5\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0f\u5b78\u6642\u4ee3\u53d7\u4e86\u81e8\u6479\u58d3\u8feb\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u73fe\u5728\u5c08\u5b78\u7e6a\u756b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8166\u7b4b\u88cf\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5b58\u7740\u90a3\u500b\u60e1\u7fd2\u6163\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u756b\uff0c\u2014\u2014\u662f\u4eba\u70ba\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u7121\u62d8\u675f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e0a\u9762\u767c\u63ee\uff1a\u7136\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u8981\u6709\u6df1\u4fe1\u7684\u94ed\u611f.\u8981\u66c9\u5f97\u7e6a\u756b\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u57f9\u990a\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f\u6975\u5c11\u6548\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u8981\u628a\u90a3\u81e8\u6479\u7684\u820a\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5be6\u884c\u6ec5\u4ea1\u4e86\u7e94\u884c\uff01\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u7f8e\u7684\u9298\u611f\uff0c\u8981\u6df1\u8a18\u5728\u8166\u7b4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u523b\u4e0d\u53ef\u5fd8\u8a18\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u7f8e\u7684\u9298\u611f\uff0c\u518d\u807d\u90a3\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u79d8\u66f2\uff0c\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

To approach the lively “infinite variety” of nature, those who study Western painting should firstly observe nature from the aspects of color, shape and tone before revealing a variety of phenomena. These phenomena, whether they are visible or concealed, should also be experienced in the poetry of nature. It is essential to use unconstrained skills to depict directly and honestly what we have observed. Now, I will discuss the conditions that should be considered in painting for reference.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u5b78\u6d0b\u756b\u7684\u4eba\u63a5\u8fd1\u90a3\u6d3b\u6f51\u7684\u201c\u68ee\u7f85\u842c\u8c61\u201d\uff0c\u5148\u8981\u5f9e\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c \u8abf\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0a\u89c0\u5bdf\uff1b\u7136\u5f8c\u6d41\u9732\u5404\u7a2e\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u7a2e\u9192\u76ee\uff0c\u6c89\u6f5c\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff1b \u4e5f\u90fd\u8981\u5f9e\u81ea\u7136\u8a69\u610f\u4e2d\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u7121\u62d8\u675f\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u7528\u76f4\u7387\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7dca\u8981\uff0c\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u5c07\u95dc\u65bc\u7e6a\u756b\u65b9\u9762\u61c9\u8a72\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u5beb\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9b\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
    \r\n
  1. The first condition is called “expression”. Realism is the essence of Western painting. Therefore, we should pay due attention to the expression of the real world. “Expression” here represents a display of all-natural elements in the painting, which first needs to be pure. That is to say, we should engrave what we see directly in our mind to demonstrate our frankness and honesty. Thereby, Western painting attaches great importance to “impression”, “perception” and “recognition”. This is a type of feeling that is developed from the endless practice of skills that can eventually reach the point of purity.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u4e00\uff08\u8868\u73fe\uff09\u6d0b\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u6211\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5be6\u5beb\u5bb6\u7684\u6211\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u95dc\u65bc\u5be6\u5beb\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e0d\u78ba\u5be6\u6ce8\u610f\uff01\uff08\u8868\u73fe\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5c07\u5929\u7136\u842c\u7269\u986f\u5728\u756b\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c \u9019\u500b\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u7d14\u6f54\uff0c\u5f9e\u773c\u775b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\uff0c\u9298\u611f\u5230\u5fc3\u4e2d\uff0c\u986f\u90a3\u76f4\u7387\u7684\u8aa0\u5be6\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u7e6a\u897f\u6d0b\u756b\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\uff08\u5370\u8c61\uff09\uff08\u611f\u89ba\uff09\uff08\u8a8d\u8b58\uff09\u7b49\uff1b \u90fd\u6975\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5be6\u611f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5f9e\u6280\u5de7\u4e0a\u4e0d\u9593\u9699\u7684\u935b\u7df4\uff0c\u5fc5\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u7d14\u6f54\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
    \r\n
  1. The second condition is “feeling”. As I said above, we have to obtain a profound feeling in poetic nature, and then express it in an honest way. For example, whoever sees a bunch of sensuous grapes will imagine their pleasant taste. However, this is not only related to our appetite; our feelings about beautiful things are also lurking inside. Thus, these feelings are exactly the initial intention of fine art. Pierre-Auguste Renoir,[4]<\/a> one of the most famous French painters, is very good at expressing the feeling of beautiful human bodies.[5]<\/a> He once said, \u201cIf a woman didn\u2019t have buttocks and breasts,\u00a0she wouldn\u2019t be\u00a0paintable\u201d.[6]<\/a> From this quote, we know that he was deeply moved by the mystery of beauty. He made this statement because he had such a deep feeling about the beauty of women\u2019s shapes and facial expressions. The same is true for the grapes I mentioned above. These grapes would not be paintable if they were not suggestive of a pleasant taste.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
\r\n

\u4e8c\uff08\u611f\u53d7\uff09\u6211\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8aac\uff0c\u8981\u5f9e\u81ea\u7136\u8a69\u610f\u4e2d\u5f97\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u6df1\u7406\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6210\u8aa0\u5be6\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e32\u7d2b\u84b2\u8404\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u90a3\u500b\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u8c50\u95ca\u7684\u84b2\u8404\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u7f8e\u5473\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u5728\u98df\u617e\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u611f\u60f3\uff1b\u5c0d\u65bc\u7f8e\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u6f5c\u4f0f\u5728\u88cf\u9762\u7684\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u7f8e\u8853\u6700\u521d\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u3002\u6cd5\u570b\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u9b6f\u5974\u611b\u800c Renaler Agurte\u5584\u65bc\u8868\u73fe\u5584\u8089\u9ad4\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u88f8\u9ad4\u7684\u5973\u5b50\u6c92\u6709\u4e73\u8207\u5c3b\u7684\u66f2\u7dda\u7f8e\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u756b\u5973\u5b50\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u66c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u662f\u53d7\u7740\u7f8e\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u611f\u89f8\u3002\u4ed6\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u65bc\u5973\u6027\u7f8e\u5728\u5f62\u614b,\u8868\u60c5,\u4e0a\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u6df1\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u9019\u53e5\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u8a71\u3002\u6211\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8aac\u7684\u84b2\u8404\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u7f8e\u5473\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u756b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Love is born out of fascination, and this love is precisely what we get in our feelings. With this love of feeling, we will have a desire to express it. To satisfy this desire, we must observe from the aspects of shape, color and tone, as well as to feel a variety of interests.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u51e1\u662f\u88ab\u8ff7\u60d1\u5360\u4f4f\u7684\u4e2d\u9593\uff0c\u5c31\u751f\u51fa\u611b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u611b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u611f\u53d7\u4e0a\u6240\u5f97\u7740\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u611b\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u617e\u671b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u617e\u671b\u662f\u8981\u5f9e\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u8abf\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0a\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\uff1b\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u9808\u611f\u53d7\u5404\u7a2e\u7684\u8da3\u5473\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
    \r\n
  1. The third condition that should be considered is “taste”. Taste is the product of education. There is a complex difference between the tastes of primitive people and those of civilized people, as well as between the tastes of children and adults. This difference can be recognized in the appeal of one\u2019s surroundings. For example, if a bunch of grapes is placed in a basket or on a plate, then we should not treat it as a separate existence. If we then place the grapes on a table with a bottle of wine or in a garden where the sunlight is streaming down from above the fence, some kind of poetic inspiration (ganxing <\/em>\u611f\u8208) would spontaneously arise in our minds. On the basis of this, it is indispensable for our painters to use “love” and “taste” to express our skills. Now, I am going to move on to the pursuit of skills. According to this pursuit, the first thing is the observation of different shapes.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

\u4e09\uff08\u8da3\u5473\uff09\u8da3\u5473\u662f\u6559\u990a\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u5f9e\u539f\u59cb\u4eba\u5230\u6587\u660e\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u5230\u5927\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u5728\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u60c5\u8da3\u4e0a\u8a8d\u8b58\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u518d\u4f9d\u8461\u8404\u4f86\u8aac\uff0c\u62ff\u8461\u8404\u76db\u5728\u7c43\u88cf\uff0c\u6216\u76e4\u4e2d\uff1b\u90a3\u672b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u770b\u4e00\u4e32\u8461\u8404\u4e86\uff0c\u518d\u64ae\u5728\u684c\u4e0a\u548c\u6d0b\u9152\u74f6\u6e4a\u5408\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u82b1\u5712\u4e2d\u53d7\u7740\u65e5\u5149\u5f9e\u67f5\u4e0a\u5782\u843d\u7684\u5834\u6240\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u751f\u51fa\u8a69\u7684\u611f\u8208\u3002\u7167\u9019\u6a23\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f5c\u756b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7528\uff08\u611b\uff09\u8207\uff08\u8da3\u5473\uff09\u4f86\u8868\u73fe\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u9084\u8981\u79fb\u5230\u6280\u5de7\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u4f9d\u9019\u500b\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0a\u8aac\u8d77\u4f86\uff1b\u5148\u8981\u6709\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
    \r\n
  1. The concept of “shape” here includes the artistic sense of “framework”. No matter how good the color or tone is, a painting is considered inferior if it contains no shape. Therefore, we must endeavor to \u201cfind the shape\u201d through careful observation. Our initial impression of an object is completely based on its shape. For instance, the shape of a single grape is different from that of a bunch of grapes. Additionally, if we put them together on a plate, the grapes should never be treated separately.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

\u56db\uff08\u5f62\u614b\uff09\u5f62\u614b\u662f\u628a\u7f8e\u8853\u4e0a\uff08\u9aa8\u683c\uff09\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u90fd\u53ef\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u756b\u4e00\u5e45\u756b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u500b\u5f62\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4efb\u4ed6\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u8abf\u5b50\uff0c\u600e\u6a23\u597d\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u6210\u70ba\u58ae\u843d\u7684\u756b\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u6709\u78ba\u5be6\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u53d6\u5f62<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5168\u5728\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u59ff\u52e2\uff1b\u518d\u4f9d\u8461\u8404\u4f86\u8aac\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u8461\u8404\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e32\u8461\u8404\uff0c\u90a3\u59ff\u52e2\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u518d\u5c07\u8461\u8404\u76db\u5728\u76e4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c7a\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u8461\u8404\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u500b\u5206\u958b\u4f86\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

While a Chinese painting is the painting of an object, a Western painting is the painting of the very existence of an object. Therefore, when we draw grapes, we must first know where the grapes are placed, and then carefully observe their shape before starting to depict them. As for the position and shape, it is necessary for us to observe each part of the grape very carefully. We must be able to identify the appearance of every single grape among a bunch of grapes. The same approach is also required in the identification of the color and tone. Furthermore, we should also unify the tones of the grapes. The effect of the whole painting will be lost if the tones are all in a mess.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

\u4e2d\u570b\u756b\u662f\u756b\u4e00\u6a23\u7269\u4e8b\uff0c\u897f\u6d0b\u756b\u662f\u756b\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u756b\u8461\u8404<\/span> \u5148\u8981\u66c9\u5f97\u8461\u8404\u5728\u90a3\u7a2e\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u518d\u7d30\u7d30\u89c0\u5bdf\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u63cf\u5beb\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8207\u59ff\u52e2\uff0c\u8981\u5c07\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u6ce8\u610f\u5be9\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e00\u4e32\u8461\u8404\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u767c\u898b\u4e00\u7c92\u4e00\u7c92\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u8272\u5f69\u8abf\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u9808\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u8fa8\u8b58\u3002\u9084\u8981\u628a\u8461\u8404\u7684\u8abf\u5b50\u7d71\u4e00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u96dc\u4e82\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5931\u53bb\u5168\u9ad4\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
    \r\n
  1. The essential thing in Western painting is “tone”.[7]<\/a> It is also the strength of Western painting. First of all, our expression of the object we have observed must be three-dimensional. Then we have to separate the tints from the shades on each side of what we have drawn.[8]<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

    <\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

\u4e94\uff08\u8abf\u5b50\uff09\u6d0b\u756b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8abf\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u6d0b\u756b\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u9577\uff0c\u5148\u9808\u7528\u7acb\u9ad4\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u518d\u5f9e\u7acb\u9ad4\u7684\u5404\u9762\u5206\u51fa\u6fc3\u6de1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

Let’s look at <\/span>a<\/span> human\u2019s <\/span>face that is exposed to <\/span>a <\/span>light<\/span> source. We can find that half of the spherical face, including the nose, is covered with shade. Furthermore, in the shaded planes, the brightness also varies; we can also find the brightest part in the bright sides. All of these “planes” are tones of a three-dimensional object. However, sometimes different tones may overlap because of our feelings about different colors. From what I just said about the tones of a three-dimensional object, we can see that there is a harmonious rhythm in the delicate and interesting tints and shades.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

\u6211\u5011\u8a66\u770b\u5f9e\u6a2a\u9762\u53d7\u7740\u5149\u7dda\u7684\u984f\u9762\uff0c\u90a3\u5713\u9ad4\u7684\u984f\u9762\uff0c\u534a\u9762\u662f\u6210\u9670\u7ff3\uff0c\u9f3b\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u534a\u9762\u9670\u7684\uff0c\u518d\u9032\u4e00\u5c64\uff0c\u9670\u7ff3\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u660e\u6697\u7684\u5206\u5225\uff1b\u53d7\u7740\u5149\u7dda\u7684\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6700\u5f37\u7684\u5149\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\uff08\u9762\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7acb\u9ad4\u7684\u8abf<\/span> \u5b50\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8abf\u5b50\u5728\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u4e0a\u4ea4\u932f\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u6709\uff0c\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u6240\u8aac\u7528\u7acb\u9ad4\u4f86\u8fa8<\/span>\u8b58<\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66c9\u5f97\u5fae\u5999\u591a\u8da3\u7684\u6fc3\u6de1\u4e0a\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8ae7\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
    \r\n
  1. I will now explain the phenomenon of “plane”. What is a plane? For example, a triangle has three planes, a square has four planes, and even though a circle does not have any corners, it establishes the most “planes”. Thus, if you look at the slant planes of an elderly person\u2019s nose and lips, when they are exposed to the same light source, you will observe the phenomenon of “plane”.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

\u516d\uff08\u9762\uff09\u9762\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebd\uff1f\u4f8b\u5982\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u9762\uff1b\u56db\u89d2\u5f62\uff0c\u5c31<\/span> \u6709\u56db\u500b\u9762\uff0c\u5713\u9ad4\u4e0a\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u89d2\uff0c\u78ba\u662f\u591a\u6578\u7684\uff08\u9762\uff09\u6240\u6210\u7acb\u7684\uff0c<\/span> \u4f60\u5011\u770b\u767c\u5149\u4e0b\u8001\u4eba\u7684\u9f3b\u5c16\u540c\u5634\u5507\u4e0a\u7684\u50be\u659c\u9762\uff0c\u53d7\u7740\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u5149\uff1a\u5c31\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\uff08\u9762\uff09\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Paul C\u00e9zanne is a famous modern French painter in history who examines the phenomenon of plane.[9]<\/a> In his paintings, the colors used for shaded planes and those used for bright planes are all separated very carefully. Where light grey is used for shaded planes, yellow is used for bright planes. The colors that contain a little bit of green are used for the division of different planes. When painting chrysanthemums, their leaves and flowers can display a variety of planes. Then, when painting the shaded areas, the expressionism is more thoughtful. He certainly did feel the mystery of tone. There is a strict order in each of his paintings, and we cannot find a trace of untidiness in them.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u6709\u540d\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6cd5\u570b\u756b\u5bb6\u585e\u5c1a\u5974\uff0c<\/span>Paul Cezanne.<\/span>\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u9762\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u756b\u4e0a\uff0c\u9670\u7684\u7dda\u548c\u65e5\u5149\u5411\u7740\u7684\u7dda\uff0c\u90fd\u5206\u5f97\u5f88\u7cbe\u7d30\u3002\u9670\u9762\u7528\u8f15\u6de1\u7684\u7070\u8272\uff0c\u967d\u9762\u7528\u9ec4\u8272\uff1b\u7a0d\u542b\u7da0\u8272\uff0c\u5c31\u5206\u5f71\u7684\u9762\u3002\u756b\u8a31\u591a\u83ca\u82b1\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8449\u548c\u82b1\u90fd\u80fd\u8868\u986f\u5404\u7a2e\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u5728\u6c89\u7740\u5f71\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e0a\uff0c<\/span> \u8868\u73fe\u66f4\u52a0\u5468\u5230\u3002\u4ed6\u78ba\u6709\u611f\u89ba\u5230\u8abf\u5b50\u7684\u795e\u79d8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8ad6\u90a3\u4e00\u5e45\u756b\uff0c\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7d0a\u4e82\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

There is certainly more than one way to feel the very existence of “beauty”. However, in terms of Western painting, we would rather try to express those beautiful scenes in a three-dimensional way than explore the depths of beauty. It is probably because the depths of beauty can be regarded as a kind of “music”; very magical and mysterious. This three-dimensional method, which attaches much importance to painters\u2019 understanding of the phenomenon of “plane”, is the only “motive” for our painters to feel the mystery of beauty. Once we have a good understanding of the phenomenon of “plane”, we can move on to the color and tones of the painting. In this way, we can draw a clear line between the bright parts and shaded parts of our painting. Additionally, we can also gain a better understanding of the shapes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

\u611f\u7d0d\uff08\u7f8e\uff09\u9019\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u7a2e\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u55ae\u4f9d\u897f\u6d0b\u756b\u4e0a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u63a2\u7f8e\u7684\u6df1\u6df5\uff0c\u5be7\u53ef\u5148\u89e3\u7acb\u9ad4\u7684\u7f8e\u89c0\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7f8e\u7684\u6df1\u6df5\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u795e\u5999\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u594f\u6a02<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u7acb\u9ad4\u7f8e\u89c0\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\uff08\u9762\uff09\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u662f\u9818\u7565\u795e\u79d8\u552f\u4e00<\/span> \u201c<\/span>\u52d5\u6a5f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u6709\u7269\u9ad4\uff08\u9762\uff09\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u8abf\u5b50\uff0c\u5f9e\u660e\u6697\u4f86\u5283\u958b\uff1b\u5c31\u662f\u5f62\u72c0\u4e5f\u7576\u7136\u9818\u6703\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
    \r\n
  1. I will now move on to “brushwork”.[10]<\/a> According to whether or not the painting skills we use are in an advanced state, our brushwork can be divided into a variety of tastes. But in my opinion, the word “brushwork” seems to bear no relation to a painter\u2019s taste. In China, we call it biqi<\/em> (style of a painting \u7b46\u6c23). Biqi<\/em> is an extremely valuable factor in Chinese painting. However, biqi <\/em>is of no consequence in Western painting. We must know that “brushwork” is totally based on techniques. We only need to focus on our “love” and “tastes” of nature, as well as the observation of different expressions; then we will be able to gain graceful brushwork. Some Western painters say, \u201cA mature painting looks good even when you hold it in your hands\u201d. That is why I say that a good painting must show a particular brushwork.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

\u4e03\uff08\u7b46\u89f8\uff09\u7b46\u89f8\u662f\u5f9e\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u4e0a\u9054\u8207\u5426\uff0c\u5206\u51fa\u5404\u7a2e\u7684\u60c5\u8da3\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u5c11\u8da3\u5473\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u756b\u53eb\u505a\uff08\u7b46\u6c23\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u756b\u4e0a\u8005\u5f97\u6975\u6709\u50f9\u503c\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u9019\u500b\uff08\u7b46\u6c23\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u6d0b\u756b\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u53ef\u8a00\uff1b\u8981\u66c9\u5f97<\/span> \uff08\u7b46\u89f8\uff09\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u624b\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u8981\u5411\u81ea\u7136\u7684\uff08\u611b\uff09\u548c\uff08\u8da3\u5473\uff09<\/span> \u4ee5\u53ca\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e0a\u8457\u9ede\uff1b\u5c31\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u6210\u529f\u6709\u98a8\u81f4\u7684\uff08\u7b46\u89f8\uff09\u3002\u897f\u6d0b\u756b\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u5f97\u8aac<\/span>\u2026\u2026\u201c<\/span>\u6210\u719f\u7684\u756b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u62ff\u5230\u624b\u88cf\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u9069\u5b9c\u7684<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u53ef\u8aac\u597d\u7684\u756b\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\uff08\u7b46\u89f8\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

Because they do not have an understanding of nature, Chinese ancient and modern painters have paid too much attention to biqi<\/i>. Therefore, those painters only learned a somewhat mechanical method by memorising several geometrical strokes of biqi<\/i>. I once heard a Chinese painter say that we are supposed to start from the nose when painting someone\u2019s face, and when painting the leaves of bamboos, we should start from drawing the left-falling stroke of the Chinese character ge<\/i> (<\/span>\u500b<\/span>) or jie<\/i> (<\/span>\u4ecb<\/span>). Contrarily, in Western painting when we paint someone\u2019s face for example, we can start from the hair, but we can also start drawing from all sides of the face. The answer to this \u201cwhere to start\u201d question varies between different painters and paintings. There is no fixed rule.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4eca\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c08\u8b1b\uff08\u7b46\u6c23\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u5b78\u756b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6b7b\u8a18\u7740\u5e7e\u7b46\u5e7e\u4f55\u756b\u5f0f\u7684\uff08\u7b46\u6c23\uff09\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u6709\u500b\u4e00\u5b9a\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u6cd5\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u5f9e\u524d\u807d\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u570b\u756b\u5bb6\u8b1b\uff0c\u756b\u4eba\u7684\u984f\u9762\uff0c\u5148\u5f9e\u9f3b\u982d\u756b\u8d77\uff0c\u756b\u7af9\u8449\uff0c\u5f9e\u500b\u5b57\u3001\u4ecb\u5b57\u6487\u8d77\uff0c\u897f\u6d0b\u756b\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u756b\u4eba\u7684\u9854\u9762\uff0c\u767c\u9afb\u756b\u8d77\u4e5f\u53ef\uff0c\u56db\u9762\u756b\u8d77\u4e5f\u53ef\uff1b\u5404\u4eba\u5404\u756b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u5b9a\u898f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

Speaking of the brushwork of Western painting, every single part of the painting should be taken into consideration. First of all, we should express our enthusiasm for beautiful things through the observation of their tints and shades. We must also pay attention to the interconnection between all the factors involved in a painting. If there is no rhythm, not only is there no brushwork, it becomes a meaningless painting. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

\u518d\u8b1b\u897f\u6d0b\u756b\u7684\uff08\u7b46\u89f8\uff09\uff0c\u5168\u9ad4\u90fd\u8981\u7ba1\u4f4f\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u5c0d\u65bc\u7f8e\u7684\u60c5\u71b1\uff0c\u7528\u660e\u6697\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff1b\u8981\u7528\u4e92\u76f8\u95c8\u9023\u7684\u594f\u5408\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u594f\u5408\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u7b46\u89f8\uff0c\u7c21\u76f4\u6210\u70ba\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u756b\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

These seven conditions mentioned above are almost all I want to write in this article. However, I still want to add something about how to achieve thoughtful and skillful observation and expression. To observe the colors and tones of an object, we should first compare different parts of the object, and then draw clear strokes to express them in a solemn way. In sketching, the first thing is to make a decision without any feelings of doubt and uncertainty.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u95dc\u65bc\uff08\u8868\u73fe\uff09\uff08\u611f\u53d7\uff09\uff08\u8da3\u5473\uff09\uff08\u5f62\u614b\uff09\uff08\u8abf\u5b50\uff09\uff08\u9762\uff09\uff08\u7b46\u89f8\uff09\u5927\u7565\u628a\u6211\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5df2\u7d93\u8aac\u5b8c\uff1b\u6211\u9084\u6709\u628a\u90a3\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u53ca\u8868\u73fe\u600e\u6a23\u80fd\u5920\u4e0a\u9054\uff0c\u7a0d\u8aac\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u89c0\u5bdf\u9854\u8272\u548c\u8abf\u5b50\uff0c\u8981\u5f9e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u5c0d\u8c61<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u6bd4<\/span> \u8f03\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7528\u771f\u78ba\u7684\u7b46\uff0c\u912d\u91cd\u8868\u73fe\uff1b\u5beb\u751f\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u6709\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7591\u60d1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

Let\u2019s take placing a teacup on a table as an example. Firstly, we should employ a standard shading at the brightest and darkest area of the teacup. In doing so, we can discover many other levels of shading. In terms of the colors, when looking at the teacup\u2019s shadow and the color reflection of the table, we must compare precisely the color with the entire table before separating the colors. With regard the color of the background, it needs to be used at the same time. On shape, there needs to be an examination of the angles of the teacup mouth, as well as an examination of the arc lines of the teapot. All of this requires the usage of vertical lines to determine accuracy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u7e6a\u64fa\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u8336\u7897\uff0c\u9019\u8336\u7897\u4e0a\u6700\u660e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u548c\u6700\u6697\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5148\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u6fc3\u6de1\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\uff1b\u518d\u767c\u898b\u5176\u4ed6\u591a\u6578\u6fc3\u6de1\u7684\u968e\u7ea7\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u9854\u8272\u4e0a\u770b\u8336\u7897\u5f71\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u548c\u684c\u4e0a\u53cd\u5c04\u7684\u9854\u8272\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u90a3\u684c\u4e0a\u5168\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u9854\u8272\u4f86\u505a\u6bd4\u8f03\uff1b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u518d\u5206\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u9854\u8272\uff0c\u4e5f\u9808\u540c\u6642\u904b\u7528\u3002\u5f62\u72c0\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u8981\u5be9\u5bdf\u8336\u7897\u7684\u53e3\uff0c\u6210\u90a3\u7a2e\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u65c1\u908a\u7684\u8336\u58fa\uff0c\u6210\u4ec0\u9ebd\u5f27\u7dda\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u9808\u7528\u5782\u76f4\u7dda\uff0c\u4f86\u6307\u793a\u78ba\u7576\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

What is mentioned above is an overview of sketching. It is also my own experience from everyday life. In conclusion, being true to nature takes priority in Western painting. Furthermore, art is boundless, with absolutely no restrictions. Art is the only maker of rules. Art is never derived from rules. The schools of painting, such as impressionism,[11]<\/a> cubism[12]<\/a> and futurism were established before the rules were made;[13]<\/a> rules do not exist before schools came into being. Art is all about uncertainty. For instance, in mathematics, five plus five strictly equals ten. On the contrary, art is indeed more flexible and unrestrained. As learners of Western painting, we should be aware that art is universal; that is the reason why we should express our own personalities. All these words are drawn from the experiences that I would like to share. If you find any fault with what I have said, please do feel free to conduct further research.<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8aac\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u5beb\u751f\u7684\u5927\u6982\uff1b\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u65e5\u5e38\u6240\u7d93\u904e\u7684\u3002\u7e3d\u4e4b\u897f\u6d0b\u756b\u7b2c\u4e00\u53ea\u8981\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u8868\u73fe\u4e0a\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5931\u53bb<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u903c\u771f<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u65e8\uff0c<\/span> \u518d\u5ee3\u8aac\u4e00\u5c64\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u662f\u5ee3\u5927\u7121\u908a\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u62d8\u675f\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u85dd\u8853\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u898f\u5247\u4f86\u5b9a\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff08\u5370\u8c61\u6d3e\uff09\u3001\uff08\u7acb\u9ad4\u6d3e\uff09\u3001\uff08\u672a\u4f86\u6d3e\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u90a3\u7a2e\u6d3e\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5b9a\u51fa\u898f\u5247\uff1b\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u6709\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u5f8c\u751f\u6d3e\u5225\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u85dd\u8853\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6bd4\u5023\u7b97\u5b78\u4e94\u500b\u52a0\u4e94\u500b\u5f97\u5341\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u5374\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5b78\u6d0b\u756b\u7684\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u660e\u767d\u85dd\u8853\u662f\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u90fd\u8981\u5f9e<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u500b\u6027<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u4e0a\u767c\u63ee\u624d\u884c\u3002\u6211\u4e0a\u9762\u8aac\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u8a71\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u5f97\u7f77\u4e86\uff1b\u6709\u672a\u76e1\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u9084\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\uff01<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

Tokyo, 14 June 1920<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u96f6\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u5341\u56db<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u5728\u6771\u4eac<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\u00a0<\/td>\r\n\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n
\r\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

1. Translators\u2019 note: The\u00a0May Fourth Movement was an\u00a0anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement which grew out of student participants in Beijing on 4 May 1919. The demonstrations sparked national protests and marked an upsurge of\u00a0Chinese nationalism, a shift towards political mobilization and away from cultural activities, and a move towards a\u00a0populist\u00a0base rather than intellectual elites.<\/p>\r\n

2. Wang Yachen recalled that, at that time, there was no Western-style painting training as offered by government-run art academies. Students who were interested in \u201cWestern painting\u201d picked up colored magazines, copying whatever calendar posters, advertising pictures, or illustrations that they could find. (See: Jane Zheng, \u201cPrivate tutorial art schools in the Shanghai market economy,\u201d Modern China<\/em> (2009), 313-343)<\/p>\r\n

3. Translators\u2019 note: bladder cherry is a relative of\u00a0P. peruviana<\/em>(Cape gooseberry). It is easily identifiable by the large, bright orange to red papery covering over its fruit, which resembles\u00a0paper lanterns.<\/p>\r\n

4. Lunuaier<\/em> \u9c81\u5974\u7231\u800c (Pierre-Auguste Renoir): Pierre-Auguste Renoir, commonly known as\u00a0Auguste Renoir, was one of the most famous French artists. He is famous for expressing the beauty of naked female body. (See: Tamar Garb, \u201cRenoir and the Natural woman.\u201d In\u00a0The Expanding Discourse <\/em>(Routledge, 2018), 294-311)<\/p>\r\n

5. Translators\u2019 note: The name of this famous French painter given by the author is \u201cAgurte Renaler\u201d in the orginal text. However, we can\u2019t find any information about this person in French history of art. Plus, we found that the quote in this paragraph is actually made by the prestigious painter Auguste Renoir. Thus, we assumed that the name \u201cAgurte Renaler\u201d\u00a0 maybe a mistake in the original text, and finally we decided to put the real name of the painter in our translation.<\/p>\r\n

6. D. H. Lawrence, The First and Second Lady Chatterley Novels <\/em>(Cambridge University Press, 2002), 582.<\/p>\r\n

7. Diaozi<\/em> \u8c03\u5b50(Tone): Tone refers to the relative lightness of colour in a painting. It is the most important factor in colour theory which can influence the overall effect of the colours used in a painting, and also one of the color appearance parameters of any color appearance model.(See: Robert S. DiPaola, \u201cExploring a parameterized portrait painting space,\u201d The International Journal of Art and Technology <\/em>(2009), 82-83)<\/p>\r\n

8.\u00a0Nongdan<\/em>\u6d53\u6de1 (Tints and shades): This is an important term related to the use of colour, a\u00a0tint\u00a0is a mixture of a color with\u00a0white, which reduces\u00a0darkness, while a\u00a0shade\u00a0is a mixture with\u00a0black, which increases darkness. Both tints and shade can affect the overall lightness of a painting. (See: Patti Mollica, Color Theory: An essential guide to color-from basic principles to practical applications<\/em> (Walter Foster, 2013), 7)<\/p>\r\n

9.\u00a0Saishangnu <\/em>\u8d5b\u5c1a\u5974 (Paul C\u00e9zanne): Paul C\u00e9zanne\u00a0was a French artist and\u00a0one of the most prestigious Post-Impressionist\u00a0painters whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th-century conception of artistic endeavor to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century. He believed that artists should be able to integrate colours into the outline of their paintings (See: Diana Young, \u201cThe colours of things,\u201d\u00a0Handbook of material culture<\/em>\u00a0(2006), 181)<\/p>\r\n

10. Brushwork refers to the particular way in which artists use their brush to paint, and also the effect it achieves in the painting. (See: Li Jin and Howard Gardner, \u201cHow domains constrain creativity: The case of traditional Chinese and Western painting\u201d\u00a0American Behavioral Scientist<\/em>\u00a0(1993), 94-101)<\/p>\r\n

11. Impressionism\u00a0was a 19th-century\u00a0art movement, which is characterised by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open\u00a0composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities, ordinary subject matter and unusual visual angles. (See: David Bomford, Jo Kirby, John Leighton, and Ashok Roy,\u00a0Art in the making: Impressionism<\/em> (London: National Gallery, 1990), 48)<\/p>\r\n

12. Cubism was an early 20th-century style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.\u00a0(See: Christine Poggi, In defiance of painting: cubism, futurism, and the invention of collage <\/em>(Yale University Press, 1992), 29)<\/p>\r\n

13. Futurism\u00a0was an\u00a0artistic\u00a0and\u00a0social movement\u00a0that originated in\u00a0Italy\u00a0in the early 20th century. It emphasised speed, technology, youth, violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane, and the industrial city.\u00a0(See: Christine Poggi, In defiance of painting: cubism, futurism, and the invention of collage <\/em>(Yale University Press, 1992), 29)<\/p>\r\n

\r\n

\"Creative<\/a>
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Translated by\u00a0Shangze Li, Siqi Wu, Jane Huang and Qiang…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6,4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=366"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":488,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366\/revisions\/488"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=366"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=366"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=366"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}