{"id":253,"date":"2021-08-31T08:54:03","date_gmt":"2021-08-31T08:54:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/?p=253"},"modified":"2021-09-26T05:59:42","modified_gmt":"2021-09-26T05:59:42","slug":"views-on-my-artistic-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/2021\/08\/31\/views-on-my-artistic-life\/","title":{"rendered":"Views on my artistic life \u6211\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u751f\u6d3b\u89c0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Translated by Wenying Pan<\/p>\r\n

Please see the PDF version of this text here<\/a>\u00a0for footnotes.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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Views on my artistic life -Pan Yuliang[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/a> Pan Yuliang \u6f58\u7389\u826f, \u201cWode yishu shenghuo guan\u201d \u6211\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u751f\u6d3b\u89c0 [Views on my artistic life]. in Dangdai fun\u00fc<\/em> \u7576\u4ee3\u5a66\u5973, October 1936, 177-79.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\u6211\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u751f\u6d3b\u89c0<\/strong> \u2014<\/strong>\u6f58\u7389\u826f<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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The \u201cyi<\/em>\u201d (\u85dd) of art (yishu<\/em> \u85dd\u8853) contains various information which is quite interesting. In the oldest Chinese script, oracle bone script (guijiawen<\/em> \u9f9c\u7532\u6587) which founded in the Ruins of Yin (yinxu<\/em> \u6bb7\u589f), (yi<\/em> \u85dd) is shaped like a person holding a piece of wood while another form \u00a0looks like a person holding a seedling. And in the characters of the Zhou Dynasty, \u00a0meant planting and was written with a shape of a person inserting a piece of wood into the soil. Mencius used the character yi<\/em> when he stated that one should \u201cPlant Five Grains\u201d (shuyi wugu<\/em> \u6a39\u85dd\u4e94\u7a40).\u00a0 China was built on agriculture. We called all things that we can plant and benefit from their growth as yi<\/em> Living without yi<\/em> would mean that people must live without a wooden residence and grains, and human must have survival skills. Therefore, yi<\/em> can be interpreted as \u201cskills\u201d. In the Officials of the Heaven (tianguan<\/em> \u5929\u5b98) chapter of The Rites of Zhou<\/em> (zhouli<\/em> \u5468\u79ae), the gongzheng (\u5bae\u6b63)[1]<\/a> said: \u201cGathering the children of the officials in the palace according to the Shi Wu (\u4ec0\u4f0d)[2]<\/a> establishment and teaching them knowledge (wen<\/em> \u6587), morality (dao <\/em>\u9053) and art (yi <\/em>\u85dd).\u201d The commentary on this sentence explained that art (yi<\/em> \u85dd) refers to the Six Arts (liuyi<\/em> \u516d\u85dd) of rites (li <\/em>\u79ae), music (y\u00fce<\/em>\u6a02), archery (she<\/em> \u5c04), charioteering (y\u00fc <\/em>\u5fa1), calligraphy (shu <\/em>\u66f8) and mathematics (shu<\/em> \u6578). These six kinds of skills are all indispensable. Rites are the codes of human relations; Music is a tool of edifying sentiment; Archery and charioteering are the skills to defend oneself and the country while calligraphy and mathematics are the techniques of contacting the objective things and dealing with affairs. Therefore, the sages always teach people the Six Arts at first as the basic necessitiesto be a human. With the humanities (renwen<\/em> \u4eba\u6587) advancing day by day and knowledge extending further and further, scholars must be divided into different categories in future generations. Therefore, the scope of art is vast. Referring to the largest book (diyi dashu<\/em> \u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u66f8) in Qing Dynasty which was regarded as the imperial (qinding<\/em> \u6b3d\u5b9a) collection of ancient and modern books in all categories, the knowledge of universe (bowu<\/em> \u535a\u7269) section and the category of art involved farming (nong<\/em> \u8fb2), horticulture (pu<\/em> \u5703), fishing (y\u00fc<\/em> \u9b5a), woodcutting (qiao<\/em> \u6a35), herding (mu<\/em> \u7267), charioteering, weapons (ge<\/em> \u6208), hunting (lie <\/em>\u7375), medicine (yi<\/em> \u91ab), divination (bu<\/em> \u8514), astrology (xing <\/em>\u661f), physiognomy (xiang<\/em> \u76f8), painting (hua<\/em> \u756b), geomancy (kanyu<\/em> \u582a\u8f3f), selection (xuanze<\/em> \u9078\u64c7), shushu[3]<\/a>, pitch-pot (touhu <\/em>\u6295\u58fa), gambling (boxi<\/em> \u535a\u6232), shefu<\/em>[4]<\/a>, chaizi<\/em>[5]<\/a>, business (shanggu<\/em> \u5546\u8cc8) and prostitution (changji<\/em> \u5a3c\u5993). Five of the Six Arts were all independent categories while charioteering was involved in the category of art. The Modern European art schools set up subjects such as sculpture, drawing, music, and architecture, which means the scope of each subject has narrowed but research is more sophisticated. Mulberry planting (sang<\/em> \u6851), weaving (zhi<\/em>\u7e54), and needlework (n\u00fc gong <\/em>\u5973\u7d05) were compulsory skills (yi <\/em>\u85dd) for girls in China since ancient times. Nowadays, the girls\u2019 school has cooking, sewing, embroidery, and other subjects, while girls of the old-fashioned families in the countryside practice natural chemical crafts such as brewing, smoking, red cooking (lu<\/em> \u9e75), sugaring (mi <\/em>\u871c), and fermentation, as well as side lines like horticulture and herding. In the city, girls in the families of officials learn instruments (qin<\/em> \u7434), chess, calligraphy, painting, playing, singing, dancing, and so on. All of which are the artistic life of women in China. For me, I grew up in the city so I do not know how to plant mulberry and weave, and I am too weak to do any chores. I made a great effort and enrolled in the Shanghai Girls\u2019 Secondary School after marriage[6]<\/a>, where I studied a little on household subjects, and I was particularly interested in embroidery. Because I was usually dissatisfied when embroidering, I realized that the beauty of an embroidered work is determined by the quality of the patterns. Therefore, I started to concentrate on painting and learned under Hongye \u6d2a\u91ce, who comes from the same county as me. After graduating from high school, I enrolled in the Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts, where I specialized in sketching (xiesheng<\/em> \u5beb\u751f). My teacher had been in exile for decades due to political reasons, moving around without any leisure time. In 1920, I was studying at the Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts when Wu Zhihui \u5433\u7a49\u6689 was recruiting students in Shanghai for the Institut franco-chinois de Lyon, and after successfully being accepted, I sailed to the west with 150 classmates. At first, I studied languages in Lyon for more than a year, then transferred to the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, specializing in oil painting and minoring in music for four years. Next, I went to the Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma (The Rome Academy of Fine Arts) to study oil painting and sculpture for another three years. After eight years of study, I returned to China in 1928 and was hired as a professor in various universities in Beijing and Shanghai. During the holidays, I travelled around the country and painted in various places of interest. I have held four solo exhibitions and participated in more than 20 group exhibitions at home and abroad. This is the outline of my artistic life. I am over forty years old now with little reputation. When I asked myself, I realized that my achievements are but a few. As I always say, there is no distinction between ancient and modern (shi wu gujin<\/em> \u6642\u7121\u53e4\u4eca), there is no superiority or inferiority among humans (ren wu gaoxia<\/em> \u4eba\u7121\u9ad8\u4e0b). One cannot survive without art. Life is art, or art is life. I often think that in my country, most women in the countryside are able to earn their own living by mulberry planting, weaving, needlework and handicrafts while women in city excel in neither study nor skills. All they can do is gambling, singing and dancing. Not only, but also. They are not only incapable of applying the knowledge of the new age, but also unable to work in the traditional family. They have neither the ability to serve society nor the power to govern a family. Is this not pathetic? A satisfied painting drawn at home or an expressive status can always comfort me. Hiring someone to make a well-fitting outfit costs many yuan<\/em>, if not dozens, but if I make it myself in spare time, it only takes one or two days and I will feel pleased. Besides, I also can take a break from thinking in the classroom. Dining out with families and friends costs many yuan<\/em>, if not dozens, while home-made, clean and delicious cuisines only cost a few, and moreover, we are much closer to each other. Such household chores are interesting with art but also can be boring without art. I have studied \u201cnoble\u201d arts and I also can do these ordinary works, which indicate that yi<\/em> should be valued by everyone. I hope women in my country can understand that art is the same as the principle of life. From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs. There is no definitive statement that foreign and modern things are art while domestic and traditional things are not; or what you studied at school is art while what you learned at home is not. If we are industrious and frugal, everyone will understand art and life. As a consequence, we need not worry about cultivating our moral characters and administering the country. These are my humble opinions on my artistic life as a response to the call for papers of Dangdai Fun\u00fc<\/em>. I beg the reader\u2019s indulgence for this unrefined article.<\/p>\r\n

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[1]<\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Gongzheng (\u5bae\u6b63) is an official title in ancient China.<\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Shi Wu (\u4ec0\u4f0d) is an army establishment in ancient China. A Shi (\u4ec0) composed by ten people while a Wu (\u4f0d) composed by five.<\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/a> Translator\u2019s note: The ancient Chinese used shushu<\/em> (\u8853\u6578)\u00a0 to reason that the various changes observed in nature is connected with human, policy and social changes. So shushu<\/em> is used to infer the fate of individuals and even nations.<\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Shefu (\u5c04\u8986) is a game in ancient China. The rule is that an object (or several of its kind) is covered and one need to divine what is hidden.<\/p>\r\n

[5]<\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Chaizi (\u62c6\u5b57) is a way of divination in China by adding or removing the strokes, splitting or disrupting the structure of the character.<\/p>\r\n

[6]<\/a> Translator\u2019s note: For literal meaning, \u201c\u4e8e\u6b78\u201d\u00a0 in the start text refers to \u201cback home\u201d, which implies marriage is the final destination for women. Therefore, the translator modified it to a more neutral word \u201cmarriage\u201d, but in order to let the reader understand the unequal meaning of the word, hereby add a note to explain.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\u00a0<\/td>\r\n\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n
\r\n

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