{"id":249,"date":"2021-08-31T08:51:19","date_gmt":"2021-08-31T08:51:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/?p=249"},"modified":"2021-09-26T06:00:21","modified_gmt":"2021-09-26T06:00:21","slug":"woman-and-art","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/2021\/08\/31\/woman-and-art\/","title":{"rendered":"Woman and Art \u5973\u6027\u8207\u7f8e\u8853"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Translated by Wenying Pan<\/p>\r\n<p><em>Please see the PDF version of this text <a href=\"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Jin-Qijing-\u5973\u6027\u8207\u7f8e\u8853.pdf\">here<\/a>\u00a0for footnotes.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\r\n<table style=\"height: 52px;\" width=\"843\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><strong>Woman and Art &#8211; Jin Qijing<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/CB7F39F8-95B8-4DD6-B35E-B2100BAC08C2#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/CB7F39F8-95B8-4DD6-B35E-B2100BAC08C2#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Jin Qijing\u00a0\u91d1\u555f\u975c. \u201cN\u00fcxing yu meishu\u201d\u00a0\u5973\u6027\u8207\u7f8e\u8853\u00a0[Women and art].\u00a0<em>Fun\u00fc zazhi<\/em>\u00a0\u5a66\u5973\u96dc\u8a8c,15, no.7 (July 1929): 31-33.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><strong>\u5973\u6027\u8207\u7f8e\u8853<\/strong><strong> \u2014 <\/strong><strong>\u91d1\u555f\u975c\u5973\u58eb<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>There is a natural special relation between women and art. However, most women are not enthusiastic about fine art in reality, some even can not comprehend it at all. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss this topic. And I, who was involved in art education, have to get this off my chest despite limited knowledge.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>\u5973\u6027\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u672c\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u800c\u7e31\u89c0\u73fe\u72c0\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5973\u5b50\u5c0d\u65bc\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u8208\u5473\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6de1\u8584\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u7adf\u81f3\u4e0d\u80fd\u9818\u6703\u3002\u6545\u5c0d\u65bc\u672c\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u5b78\u7121\u8853\u7684\u6211\uff0c\u65e2\u5ec1\u8eab\u65bc\u85dd\u8853\u6559\u80b2\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u89ba\u6709\u4e0d\u5410\u4e0d\u5feb\u4e4b\u611f\uff01<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>Women are the darlings of Venus (<em>meishen de chonger<\/em> \u7f8e\u795e\u7684\u5bf5\u5152). First of all, women have an innate special instinct about art. The saying \u201cWomen love nature for a lifetime\u201d should be interpreted as \u201cWomen are born to appreciate beauty for a lifetime\u201d. The experiences and sensations of women are always derived from the paradise of beauty as women prefer intuitive over analytic thought and flowing curves over rigid lines. Due to this high sensitivity of flow, women have a high degree of empathy for the beautiful but unseen creative works, the works of future days. In addition, women always show their artistic values in both the emotion of \u201cTranscending\u201d (<em>chaoyue<\/em> \u8d85\u8d8a) and the worldly joys and sorrows, while their nature with sincerity and agape is exactly the perfect \u201cattitude on beauty\u201d (<em>meidetaidu<\/em> \u7f8e\u7684\u614b\u5ea6). Therefore, lives of women are more diverse and elusive than imagination.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>\u5973\u6027\u662f\u7f8e\u795e\u7684\u5bf5\u5152\u3002\u5176\u9069\u65bc\u7f8e\u8853\uff0c\u537b\u6709\u5929\u8ce6\u4e4b\u7279\u6b8a\u672c\u80fd\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u201c\u5973\u5b50\u4e00\u751f\u611b\u597d\u5929\u7136\uff0c\u201d\u5be6\u5728\u53ef\u8aaa\u201c\u4e00\u751f\u611b\u7f8e\u662f\u5929\u7136\u3002\u201d\u4ee5\u543e\u4e4b\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u543e\u4e4b\u611f\u8208\uff0c\u7121\u6642\u4e0d\u5c45\u65bc\u7f8e\u7684\u6a02\u5712\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0d\u597d\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u6c42\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\u611f\u61c9\uff0c\u4e0d\u559c\u76f4\u7dda\u7684\u5446\u677f\uff0c\u800c\u559c\u66f2\u7dda\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\uff1b\u6b63\u56e0\u5973\u5b50\u5bcc\u65bc\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\uff0c\u6545\u5c0d\u65bc\u7f8e\u7684\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\uff0c\u6709\u5341\u4e8c\u5206\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u3002\u4e14\u5973\u6027\u5728\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u201d\uff08Dominent\uff09\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7368\u65bc\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u559c\u6a02\u60b2\u54c0\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73fe\u5176\u85dd\u8853\u50f9\u503c\uff1b\u800c\u5176\u5fc3\u5883\u4e4b\u771f\u646f\u7d14\u611b\uff0c\u66f4\u4e43\u4e00\u6700\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u201c\u7f8e\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u201d\u5973\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u65bc\u6b64\u4e2d\u66f4\u6709\u6df1\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a8\u6e2c\u7684\u610f\u5473\uff01<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>Women will always be an integral part of the world of art, as both artists and their objects. In the Greek era, Venus had as many legends and statues as Guanyin does in China.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/CB78E3C9-E1AB-479A-B37C-0B253943115E#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> Venus is not only a god of love and beauty in the Greek era, but also in the time of Rodin, when Venus was still regarded as beauty and the norm of art for students and called: \u201cThe Arc de Triomphe of Life\u201d (<em>shengmingzhikaixuanmen<\/em> \u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u51f1\u65cb\u9580), \u201cThe Bridge of Truth\u201d (<em>zhenshizhiqiao<\/em> \u771f\u5be6\u4e4b\u6a4b). The admiration of the Venus is endless. Although Rodin was a realist, the sublime of his work is still derived from the feminine beauty of Venus. Unfortunately, in the 4th and 5th centuries, Christians imprisoned by asceticism destroyed almost all famous sculptures of the Greek feminist school, only leaving the murals in the dark Byzantine churches. Feminine beauty was plundered, and Europe entered the cruel Dark Ages! However, feminine beauty can be considered as the gospel of eliminating violence. The Renaissance was a period when people understood God, and it was also a revival of feminine beauty. The famous \u201csmile\u201d by Da Vinci seems to indicate that \u201cThe sky is about to dawn! There is no place for brutal demons to hide! Henceforth, humans are on the road to light and happiness!\u201d The charm is even more incredible and intriguing than everything in the world. So women are incarnations of truth and beauty. Apart from the wild themes of a human head with the body of a lion or a bull, which people usually use in Babylonia or ancient Rome, the closer they are to modern times, the more they tend to regard women as the objects of creation. For instance, the Virgin Mary, angels and Eirene are all represented by women. 90% of the representative works of realism displayed in galleries and museums around the world are exhibits of women. In other words, the more modern it is, the closer women are to art, which means women have a closer relationship with human happiness. The European war<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/CB78E3C9-E1AB-479A-B37C-0B253943115E#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> showed humankind that brutal slaughter cannot sustain the world of humankind. When war ends, when the goddess of peace stands towering above humanity with two wings, artists love women more as they embrace peace. Although the applied arts (<em>gongyimeishu<\/em> \u5de5\u85dd\u7f8e\u8853) of France after World War I returned to the natural and simple, the new popular styles-including an interest in Egypt and n\u00e9grophilie (negrophilia)-showed everything through women\u2019s \u201cconsciousness of beauty\u201d (<em>meideyishi<\/em> \u7f8e\u7684\u610f\u8b58). This consciousness was quite apparent in fashion. Clothes from the fashion district (<em>huajie<\/em> \u82b1\u8857) in Lyons were updated several times in a day, before the dusk the new styles spread to small crafts and then formed a trend of applied arts of France in no more than a month. Although the applied arts in China is in depression, the styles of clothes in Shanghai also influenced the decorative arts and promoted the idea of communication in recent years.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/CB78E3C9-E1AB-479A-B37C-0B253943115E#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Guanyin is the most commonly used Chinese translation of the bodhisattva known as Avalokite\u015bvara. Guanyin is the Buddhist bodhisattva associated with compassion. The Chinese name Guanyin is short for Guanshiyin, which means \u201cthe one who perceives the sounds of the world.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/CB78E3C9-E1AB-479A-B37C-0B253943115E#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Translator\u2019s note: European war refers to the World War I. Since the main battlefield is on the European continent, it is often called European War in Chinese in the early 20th century.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>\u81ea\u4f86\u7f8e\u8853\u5bb6\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u7f8e\u8853\u5bb6\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u812b\u5973\u6027\u800c\u7368\u7acb\u3002\u7dad\u5a1c\u65af\u4e0d\u7368\u5728\u5e0c\u81d8\u6642\u4ee3\u70ba\u611b\u795e\uff0c\u70ba\u7f8e\u795e\uff0c\u6709\u7121\u91cf\u6578\u5982\u4f5b\u89c0\u97f3\u4e4b\u50b3\u8aaa\u8207\u96d5\u50cf\uff1b\u5373\u81f3\u7f85\u4e39\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ea6\u4ee5\u6b64\u7dad\u5a1c\u65af\u7f8e\u7684\u5178\u578b\uff0c\u70ba\u5176\u5b78\u751f\u85dd\u8853\u4e4b\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u8b02\u4e4b\u70ba\uff1a\u201c\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u51f1\u65cb\u9580\uff0c\u201d\u201c\u771f\u5be6\u4e4b\u6a4b\u201d\u512a\u7f8e\u4e4b\u5708\u754c\uff0c\u5176\u666f\u4ef0\u53ef\u8b02\u81f3\u76e1\u3002\u7f85\u4e39\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u56fa\u70ba\u58ef\u7f8e\u4e4b\u5beb\u5be6\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6cc9\u6e90\u4e43\u5c0e\u65bc\u5973\u6027\u7f8e\u7684\u7dad\u5a1c\u65af\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u5728\u56db\u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u88ab\u4e0d\u826f\u4e4b\u7981\u6b32\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92\u628a\u5e0c\u81d8\u5973\u6027\u6d3e\u7684\u8457\u540d\u96d5\u523b\u5168\u90e8\u6bc0\u68c4\uff0c\u50c5\u5b58\u4e86\u9ed1\u6c89\u6c89\u7684\u6bd4\u5341\u6c40\u6559\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7684\u58c1\u756b\u3002\u5973\u6027\u7f8e\u906d\u4e86\u52ab\uff0c\u5c31\u6b64\u6b50\u6d32\u4e5f\u5165\u4e86\u5f37\u66b4\u7684\u9ed1\u6697\u6642\u4ee3\uff01\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u7f8e\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u5f9e\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\u6d88\u6ec5\u66b4\u623e\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u3002\u201c\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\uff0c\u201d\u662f\u4eba\u548c\u795e\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5973\u6027\u7f8e\u7684\u5fa9\u8208\u6642\u671f\u3002\u9054\u6587\u8cfd\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u5fae\u7b11\u201d\u51fa\u73fe\u5f8c\uff0c\u662d\u793a\u4eba\u5011\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u5929\u8981\u5feb\u4eae\u4e86\uff0c\u6b98\u66b4\u7684\u60e1\u9b54\u6c92\u6709\u85cf\u8eab\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e86\uff01\u5f9e\u6b64\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u8d70\u5230\u5149\u660e\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\u4e86\uff01\u201d\u5176\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u4e4b\u60c5\u8da3\uff0c\u8f03\u8af8\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u90fd\u8010\u5c0b\u5473\u4e9b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u771f\u7f8e\u7684\u9020\u5316\u7269\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u9664\u4e86\u4e0d\u812b\u65bc\u5df4\u6bd4\u502b\u7f85\u99ac\u4e2d\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u7684\u66b4\u91ce\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u5973\u6027\u4f86\u4f5c\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u984c\u6750\uff0c\u597d\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4eba\u982d\u7345\u8eab\u4eba\u982d\u725b\u8eab\u7684\u91ce\u6027\u984c\u6750\u5916\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u6108\u8feb\u65bc\u73fe\u4ee3\uff0c\u6108\u662f\u8da8\u5411\u65bc\u5d07\u5949\u5973\u6027\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u3002\u8056\u6bcd\uff0c\u5929\u4f7f\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u4e4b\u795e\uff0c\u7686\u662f\u62ff\u5973\u6027\u4f86\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u3002\u7e31\u89c0\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u535a\u7269\u9928\u6240\u9673\u5217\u5beb\u5be6\u6d3e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5341\u4e5d\u7686\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u70ba\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u8cea\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6108\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u8207\u7f8e\u8853\u6108\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5973\u6027\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u66f4\u52a0\u7dca\u5bc6\u4e86\u3002\u6b50\u6d32\u5927\u6230\u6240\u7d66\u4e88\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6559\u8a13\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u883b\u5f37\u7684\u6b98\u6bba\uff0c\u7d42\u4e0d\u80fd\u7dad\u6301\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u201d\u7b49\u5230\u6230\u4e8b\u544a\u7d42\uff0c\u90a3\u80cc\u8ca0\u5169\u7ffc\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u5973\u795e\uff0c\u5dcd\u7136\u77d7\u7acb\u5728\u4eba\u6d77\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5c64\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5c0d\u65bc\u8ca0\u6709\u548c\u5e73\u4f7f\u547d\u4e4b\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u7531\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u611b\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u5230\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u7684\u5de5\u85dd\u7f8e\u8853\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u53cd\u539f\u4e86\uff0c\u7c21\u6a38\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u65b0\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5f0f\u6a23\uff0c\u2014\u2014\u57c3\u53ca\u5f0f\u6a23\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u5f0f\u6a23\u2014\u2014\u7686\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u7684\u201c\u7f8e\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u201d\u4f86\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u6dfa\u898b\u8005\u8868\u73fe\u65bc\u8863\u88dd\uff1b\u91cc\u6602\u7684\u82b1\u8857\uff0c\u4e00\u65e5\u800c\u4e09\u65b0\u5176\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7d42\u671d\u800c\u6d41\u884c\u81f3\u65bc\u5c0f\u5de5\u85dd\u54c1\u3002\u4e0d\u6708\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u5de5\u85dd\u7f8e\u8853\u7684\u4e3b\u6f6e\u3002\u5728\u6211\u570b\u96d6\u5247\u5de5\u85dd\u65b9\u9762\u4f3c\u6709\u75c5\u61e8\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u7136\u4ee5\u8fd1\u6578\u5e74\u4f86\u4e0a\u6d77\u65b0\u88dd\u7684\u6a23\u5f0f\u5de6\u53f3\u4e00\u5207\u88dd\u98fe\u7f8e\u8853\u8005\uff0c\u4ea6\u4f7f\u4e00\u5207\u98a8\u597d\u5e38\u65b0\uff0c\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u70ba\u7121\u76e1\u671f\u7684\u8f49\u79fb\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>Though this year\u2019s National Art Exhibition could not considered as the criteria by which we judge everything, the deep connection between art and women in modern times can be inferred from a large number of works on the subject of women. More than a quarter of the 80 Japanese works displayed at the First National Exhibition depict women. Including the <em>Gin no kaich\u014d <\/em>(\u9280\u306e\u8ae7\u8abf Harmony in silver) by Okada Sabur\u014dsuke (\u5ca1\u7530\u4e09\u90ce\u52a9 1869-1939), describing a nude woman lying on her back; <em>Ch\u016brippu<\/em> (\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30ea\u30c3\u30d7 Tulip) by Wada Eisaku (\u548c\u7530\u82f1\u4f5c 1874-1959), depicting a nude women looking down; <em>Onna<\/em>(\u5973Woman) by Mitsutani Kunishiro (\u6eff\u8c37\u570b\u56db\u90ce 1874-1936) portraying a nude women sitting and thinking; and <em>yokugo<\/em> (\u6d74\u5f8cAfter the bath) by Ishikawa Toraji (\u77f3\u5ddd\u5bc5\u6cbb 1875-1964) tracing various actions of naked woman when she\u2019s dressing up, which attracts the attention of the audience. All of our figure paintings in Western-style depicted females as the object. Whether this is a temporary trend or not, the need of women for art can be inferred from this exhibition. And I have only mentioned the various connections between women and art, but have not yet discussed the relationship between society, women and art.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>\u672c\u5c46\u7684\u5168\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u5c55\u89bd\u6703\uff0c\u672c\u672a\u53ef\u4ee5\u64da\u70ba\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u6e96\u5247\uff1b\u4f46\u770b\u5230\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u70ba\u984c\u6750\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u77e5\u7f8e\u8853\u8207\u5973\u6027\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u4e4b\u6df1\u4e86\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u51fa\u54c1\uff0c\u5171\u8a08\u516b\u5341\u5e45\uff0c\u88e1\u9762\u5012\u6709\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4ee5\u4e0a\u2014\u2014\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e45\u2014\u2014\u662f\u63cf\u5beb\u5973\u6027\u7684\u3002\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5982\uff1a\u5ca1\u7530\u5c71\u90ce\u52a9\u7684\u201c\u9280\u4e4b\u8ae7\u548c\uff0c\u201d\u5beb\u4e00\u4ef0\u81e5\u7684\u88f8\u5973\uff1b\u548c\u7530\u82f1\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u68af\u4ede\u68a8\u5929\u7684\u82b1\uff0c\u201d\u5beb\u4e00\u88f8\u5973\u4fef\u8996\u4e4b\u5f62\uff1b\u6eff\u8c37\u570b\u56db\u90ce\u6240\u4f5c\u4e4b\u201c\u5973\uff0c\u201d\u5beb\u4e00\u88f8\u5973\u5750\u601d\uff1b\u77f3\u5ddd\u5bc5\u6cbb\u6240\u4f5c\u4e4b\u201c\u6d74\u5f8c\uff0c\u201d\u5beb\u88f8\u5973\u7406\u88dd\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u5973\u6027\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u66f4\u70ba\u89c0\u773e\u6240\u611b\u597d\u6240\u6ce8\u76ee\u3002\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u897f\u756b\u6240\u51fa\u54c1\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u4eba\u9ad4\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u7686\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u70ba\u7269\u4ef6\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u9019\u7a2e\u4e00\u6642\u9593\u7684\u8da8\u5411\u662f\u8207\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u4f46\u5973\u6027\u5c0d\u65bc\u7f8e\u8853\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u77e5\u800c\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\u9019\u4e0d\u904e\u8aaa\u5973\u6027\u8207\u7f8e\u8853\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u5230\u793e\u6703\u8207\u5973\u6027\u548c\u7f8e\u8853\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>The relationship between society, women and art is partly entrusted to education. Let us first consider the relationship between art and education. Abstractly speaking, art is a technique for expressing beauty (<em>meiqing<\/em> \u7f8e\u60c5) while art contains infinite affection and the ability to change temperament (<em>yixing<\/em> \u79fb\u6027) in education. Therefore, art is placed in a high position in society and life. Tolstoy had a good sentence<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/4502076F-481B-44D2-AE5F-2C0532746F47#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> that art is \u201c<u>a tool to remove violence and create a world of love\u201d<\/u> <a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/4502076F-481B-44D2-AE5F-2C0532746F47#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> while Mendelssohn said that \u201cart is the carrying forward of the beautiful, obscurely recognized by feeling, till it becomes the true and good. The aim of art is moral perfection.\u201d<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/4502076F-481B-44D2-AE5F-2C0532746F47#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> Cai Jiemin (\u8521\u5b51\u6c11 1868-1940) also advocated to replace religion by aesthetic education (<em>meiyu<\/em> \u7f8e\u80b2) and improve moral by art. Those perspectives are all talked about the close connection between art and education that art enable people to be in touch with beauty while trying hard to be on the right track (<em>zhengtu<\/em> \u6b63\u9014)!<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/4502076F-481B-44D2-AE5F-2C0532746F47#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Translator\u2019s note: The author made a mistake. The sentence is adopted from the preface that Zheng Zhenduo wrote for the Chinese version of Tolstoy\u2019s work, <em>What is love<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/4502076F-481B-44D2-AE5F-2C0532746F47#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Sullivan, M. (1996). <em>Art and artists of twentieth-century China<\/em>. Berkeley: University of California Press.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/4502076F-481B-44D2-AE5F-2C0532746F47#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Adopted from Leo Tolstoy, <em>The Kingdom of God is Within You,<\/em> <em>What is Art?<\/em>, trans by Aline Delano (2013). Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/43409\/43409-h\/43409-h.htm\">http:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/43409\/43409-h\/43409-h.htm<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u65bc\u5973\u6027\u548c\u7f8e\u8853\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5bc4\u8a17\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u88e1\u9762\u3002\u5148\u8a00\u7f8e\u8853\u8207\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u7f8e\u8853\u662f\u8868\u73fe\u7f8e\u60c5\u7684\u6280\u8853\u3002\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u8853\u860a\u85cf\u8457\u7121\u9650\u7684\u6df1\u60c5\uff0c\u548c\u79fb\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u793e\u6703\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u8853\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e86\u3002\u6258\u723e\u65af\u6cf0\u8aaa\u5f97\u597d\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u80fd\u5f81\u670d\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u5275\u9020\u7f8e\u7684\u738b\u570b\u3002\u9580\u7279\u723e\u4ef2\u4e5f\u8aaa\u9053\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u5f9e\u6df7\u4e82\u611f\u60c5\u6240\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u7f8e\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u771f\u548c\u5584\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u3002\u8521\u5b51\u6c11\u5148\u751f\u4ea6\u4e3b\u5f35\u4ee5\u7f8e\u80b2\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u7528\u7f8e\u8853\u4f86\u57f9\u690d\u9053\u5fb7\uff1a\u9019\u7686\u662f\u8aaa\u5230\u7f8e\u8853\u7684\u4eba\u751f\uff0c\u8207\u4eba\u751f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u8981\u4f7f\u6c11\u773e\u90fd\u80fd\u63a5\u89f8\u7f8e\u7684\u6e05\u82ac\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u52aa\u529b\u4e8e\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u6b63\u9014\u4e0a\u53bb\uff01<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>Unfortunately, our nation\u2019s women were long fettered by the Confucian ethical code (<em>lijiao<\/em>\u79ae\u6559) , and their aesthetic talents could not be properly developed. Therefore, many talents virtually disappeared in the history and their possibility to develop art has been eliminated, which is very regretful. However, in the history of art, many women also found success because art is considered as an approach to edify sentiment (<em>taoyexingqing<\/em> \u9676\u51b6\u6027\u60c5) of all the time. According to <em>Jade Platform Painting History <\/em>(<em>yutai huashi <\/em>\u7389\u53f0\u756b\u53f2)<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/1CF3FF2F-8AB4-4CBC-A71E-39B1B1FD005C#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>, there are a large number of female painters of Song, Yuan and Qing Dynasties. But most works were in a rut because they had always been trapped in boudoir without communication with other people, contact with the great nature and vitality from the outside world. For the occasional creations with unique features, the methods were not affordable. Times are not what they used to be. As in the previous section, the combination between women and art, which indicates that women are not only considered as the objects but also the contributors of art, has been distinctly expressed in this exhibition. All attendees of the National Art Exhibition were impressed by these works: the colorful and solid pastels (sefenhua \u8272\u7c89\u756b) of Pan Yuliang (\u6f58\u7389\u826f 1899-1977), vigorous and great portraits by Cai Weilian (\u8521\u5a01\u5ec9 1904-1939) and delicate carved portraits from Wang Jingyuan (\u738b\u975c\u9060). All the connoisseurs were unanimously shocked that this national exhibition was unexpectedly occupied by women with considerable weight. Thus, the fact that women have a special instinct for art has been verified. It also can be confirmed that society needs female art urgently. Although most people now recognize women\u2019s equal standing in society and the arts, restrictions on the women of the past kept them dependent on men and unable to develop their natures (<em>xingling<\/em> \u6027\u9748) , stimulate their minds, train their capabilities to enjoy a happy life. Now that they have been liberated from the restrictions and now that women are entering society to seek occupations, they are attracted by art. If the lofty undertakings of literature, music, painting, and the arts which are the most conformable field with women\u2019s instinct open for women to promote a surprising advancement, women will have a brilliant future in the development of the arts.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/1CF3FF2F-8AB4-4CBC-A71E-39B1B1FD005C#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Translator\u2019s note: It is obvious that the author made a mistake, the original should be \u201c\u7389jade\u201d instead of \u201c\u4e94 five\u201d.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>\u6211\u570b\u5973\u5b50\u4e0d\u5e78\u81ea\u4f86\u90fd\u53d7\u4e86\u79ae\u6559\u7684\u675f\u7e1b\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u5929\u8ce6\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u89c0\u5ff5\u53bb\u6b63\u7576\u5730\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7121\u5f62\u4e2d\u6e6e\u6c92\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5929\u624d\uff0c\u6d88\u6ec5\u4e86\u5979\u5011\u5728\u7f8e\u8853\u4e0a\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4f7f\u4eba\u60cb\u60dc\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u7f8e\u8853\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u4f86\u4e5f\u4ee5\u70ba\u7f8e\u8853\u53ef\u4ee5\u9676\u51b6\u6027\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u5b50\u5728\u7f8e\u8853\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff0c\u5012\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c11\u3002\u5b8b\u5143\u6e05\u4e94\u53f0\u756b\u53f2\u4e0a\u6240\u8f09\u7684\u5973\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c64\u898b\u758a\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6307\u6578\u3002\u7136\u4ee5\u6b77\u4f86\u6291\u8655\u6df1\u95a8\uff0c\u7121\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u89c0\u6469\uff0c\u5c11\u65bc\u5049\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u76f8\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u5927\u5f97\u5230\u5916\u754c\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u547d\u529b\u7684\u704c\u6e89\uff0c\u6545\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u591a\u56e0\u8972\u9673\u7ae0\uff0c\u7a0d\u6709\u8d85\u7d55\u7368\u5275\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u500b\u6027\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002\u800c\u5979\u5011\u6240\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53c8\u5c6c\u592a\u4e0d\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u53c8\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u5f80\u6614\u4e86\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u8207\u7f8e\u8853\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u65e2\u5982\u524d\u7bc0\u6240\u8ff0\uff1b\u65bc\u6b64\u5c55\u89bd\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e86\u5f88\u986f\u660e\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u5973\u6027\u8207\u7f8e\u8853\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u5973\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u8207\u7f8e\u8853\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u5168\u570b\u7f8e\u5c55\uff0c\u51e1\u53bb\u53c3\u89c0\u904e\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u7559\u65bc\u8166\u969b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u6f58\u7389\u826f\u5973\u58eb\u8c50\u5bcc\u800c\u5805\u5be6\u7684\u8272\u7c89\u756b\uff0c\u8521\u5a01\u5ec9\u5973\u58eb\u52c1\u5065\u800c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u5e7e\u5e45\u8096\u50cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u738b\u975c\u9060\u5973\u58eb\u5de5\u7d30\u7684\u96d5\u523b\u4eba\u50cf\u3002\u51e1\u5f80\u53c3\u89c0\u7684\u9452\u8cde\u5bb6\uff0c\u83ab\u4e0d\u7570\u53e3\u540c\u8072\uff0c\u9a5a\u99ed\u9019\u6b21\u570b\u5c55\uff0c\u7adf\u51fa\u65bc\u610f\u60f3\u4e4b\u5916\u88ab\u5973\u6027\u5360\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u512a\u52dd\u3002\u5973\u6027\u4e4b\u65bc\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5df2\u53ef\u8b49\u5be6\u3002\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u5c0d\u65bc\u5973\u6027\u85dd\u8853\u6709\u6025\u5207\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u6b64\u63a8\u77e5\u4e00\u4e8c\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5df2\u516c\u8a8d\u5973\u5b50\u7684\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u5360\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u6703\u85dd\u8853\u4e0a\u5360\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u81ea\u4f86\u5973\u5b50\u4e0d\u77e5\u8b00\u751f\uff0c\u88ab\u7537\u5b50\u4f9b\u990a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c55\u958b\u5176\u6027\u9748\uff0c\u632f\u4f5c\u5176\u7cbe\u795e\uff1b\u5145\u5206\u7684\u935b\u7149\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4eab\u53d7\u5145\u5206\u7f8e\u6eff\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5979\u5011\u5df2\u5f9e\u820a\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\uff1b\u5728\u8d70\u5165\u793e\u6703\u6295\u8eab\u8077\u696d\u7684\u9014\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5979\u5011\u4fbf\u53d7\u4e86\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u5982\u6587\u5b78\uff0c\u97f3\u6a02\uff0c\u7e6a\u756b\uff0c\u7b49\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\uff1b\u7d71\u7d71\u958b\u653e\u4f86\u5bb9\u7d0d\u5979\u5011\uff1b\u800c\u5979\u5011\u4e5f\u9806\u8457\u5979\u5011\u5929\u6027\u6700\u5207\u8fd1\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u5f97\u8457\u53ef\u9a5a\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u5c07\u4f86\u5973\u5b50\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u662f\u672a\u53ef\u9650\u91cf\u7684\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>Now it\u2019s the time of the feminist art movement! And fortunately, the gospel (<em>shengyin<\/em> \u8056\u97f3) has been already sounded! The goddess of beauty has come to us! \u201cTortoiseshells and jades are destroyed in the casket.\u201d(<em>guiyu huiyu duzhong<\/em> \u9f9c\u7389\u6bc0\u65bc\u6add\u4e2d)<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/3B1DE646-2683-489A-BEAB-FCFECC322E80#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>is the weakest and most helpless situation in the world. I expect that women comrades who intend to research art strive to root out inner vanity and make a real effort to develop women\u2019s talents, instead of waiting to see men pioneer art. We should use our innate talent, to go forth and grab the golden key (<em>jinlun<\/em> \u91d1\u8f2a) of art.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/3B1DE646-2683-489A-BEAB-FCFECC322E80#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Tortoiseshells were used for pyromancy &#8211; a form of divination, while jades were used in worship in ancient China.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u5973\u6027\u85dd\u8853\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6642\u671f\u5230\u4e86\uff01\u4e14\u559c\u8056\u97f3\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u7a7a\u4e2d\u547c\u558a\uff01\u7f8e\u795e\u5df2\u7d93\u81e8\u5230\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9762\u524d\u4e86\uff01\u5929\u4e0b\u6700\u67d4\u5f31\u7121\u80fd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u9f9c\u7389\u6bc0\u65bc\u6add\u4e2d\u3002\u201d\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u4e0d\u8981\u653e\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u611b\u597d\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8c\u4e09\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6240\u80fd\u594f\u6548\u7684\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>I sincerely hope that comrades worked on art could do all they can to explore much deeper and further which not only can achieve individual values with pleasure but also make a profound contribution to the evolving world!<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>\u543e\u66f4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e00\u822c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7f8e\u8853\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\uff0c\u5411\u9ad8\u6df1\u8655\u7814\u7a76\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5118\u91cf\u767c\u5c55\uff1b\u9019\u6a23\u4e0d\u4f46\u4eba\u751f\u80fd\u5f97\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u7121\u9650\u7684\u6109\u6a02\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u9032\u5316\u4e2d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4ea6\u7576\u6709\u83ab\u5927\u7684\u4f9b\u737b\uff01<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img style=\"border-width: 0;\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-nc\/4.0\/80x15.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><br \/>This work is licensed under a <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Translated by Wenying Pan Please see the PDF version of&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=249"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":345,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249\/revisions\/345"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=249"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}