{"id":228,"date":"2021-08-31T08:02:34","date_gmt":"2021-08-31T08:02:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/?p=228"},"modified":"2021-09-26T06:03:34","modified_gmt":"2021-09-26T06:03:34","slug":"inquestion-xubeihong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/2021\/08\/31\/inquestion-xubeihong\/","title":{"rendered":"Huo \u60d1 [In Question], Mei zhan \u7f8e\u5c555 (1929)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Translated by Tianyue Wang, Tanda Li, Lijing Zhu, Zhengtang Ma, and Damian Mandzunowski<\/p>\r\n

Please see the PDF version of this text here<\/a>\u00a0for footnotes.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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In Question<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\r\n
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By Xu Beihong<\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
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\u60d1<\/p>\r\n

\u5f90\u60b2\u9d3b<\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
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Holding China\u2019s inaugural National Exhibition of Art[1]<\/sup><\/a> is a joyous occasion deserving appraisal. But the most laudable aspect is that there will not be any artwork by shameless artists such as C\u00e9zanne, Matisse or Bonnard put on display (except for only a few which will be used for reference).<\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: The National Exhibition of Art \u5168\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u5c55\u89bd\u6703: In April 1929, the Ministry of Education of the Nationalist Government held China\u2019s first National Exhibition of Art in Shanghai. More than 2000 exhibits were on display, including paintings, arts and crafts, sculptures and architecture pieces. (See: Zhenggong, Yanjing yu yundong: Zhongguo meishu de xiandaihua (1875-1976) <\/em>\u6f14\u9032\u8207\u904b\u52d5: \u4e2d\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316 (1875-1976) [Evolution and Movements: Modernization of Chinese Art (1875-1976)], (Nanning: Guangxi meishu chubanshe, 2002), 102.)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\u4e2d\u570b\u6709\u7834\u5929\u8352\u4e4b\u5168\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u5c55\u89bd\u6703\uff0c\u53ef\u96f2\u559c\u4e8b\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u7a31\u8cc0\u3002\u800c\u6700\u53ef\u7a31\u8cc0\u8005\uff0c\u4e43\u5728\u7121\u816e\u60f9\u7d0d\uff08C\u00e9zanne \uff09\u3001\u99ac\u68af\u662f\uff08Matisse\uff09\u3001\u8584\u5948\u723e\uff08Bonnard\uff09\u7b49\u7121\u6065\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002\uff08\u9664\u53c3\u8003\u54c1\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e8c\u5916\uff09<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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Due to its complexity, fine art is able to soothe all of us. Therefore, it is necessary to develop knowledge of art. If the artists who deal with l\u2019art savant[1]<\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/em> (the high art) are fascinated with archaisme[2]<\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/em> (the simple and crude science of the primitive man), they can only select advantageous materials based on their aesthetics to create artworks. Unfortunately, they have to return to a primitive life due to their simple-mindedness. (Those in China who are inept in studying the inscriptions of the Northern Dynasty (Beibei<\/em> \u5317\u7891[3]<\/sup><\/a>) may also be destined to do so.)<\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: High art <\/em>(French: l\u2019art savant): High art refers to the art of an upper class such as an aristocracy or an intelligentsia. It is contrasted with the popular art. (See: William Irwin, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Philosophy and the Interpretation of Pop Culture <\/em>(Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007), 41.)

<\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Archaism <\/em>(French: archaisme): Archaism is the use of old-fashioned art techniques with theattempt to revitalize early art. (See: Kenneth Bendiner, Art of Ford Madox <\/em>(Brown Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2010), 3.)<\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Beibei <\/em>\u5317\u7891 (inscriptions of the Northern dynasties): Beibei<\/em>, also called weibei <\/em>(\u9b4f\u7891), refers to inscriptions on Chinese steles in the Northern dynasties. These inscriptions are regarded as exemplars of traditional Chinese calligraphic scripts. (See: Chen Tingyou \u9673\u5ef7\u7950, Zhongguo shufa <\/em>\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e66\u6cd5 [Chinese Calligraphy] (Beijing: Wuzhou chuanbo chubanshe, 2003), 108.)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\u7f8e\u8853\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5b89\u6170\u543e\u4eba\u8005\uff0c\u4e43\u5728\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u4e4b\u5065\u5168\u3002\u6545\u9700\u4e00\u667a\u4e4b\u85dd\u3002Art savant<\/em>\u82e5\u5fc5\u9189\u5fc3Archaisme<\/em>\uff08\u7c21\u964b\u4e4b\u539f\u4eba\u5b78\u8853\uff09\u4ea6\u53ea\u53ef\u5c31\u5176\u8cea\u800c\u64f7\u53d6\u5176\u5305\u542b\u4e4b\u5584\u6750\uff0c\u4f9b\u543e\u4f5c\u539f\u6599\u3002\u7d42\u4e0d\u7576\u982d\u8166\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u800c\u8fd4\u4e4e\u539f\u59cb\u6642\u4ee3\u4e4b\u751f\u3002\uff08\u4e2d\u570b\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5584\u5b78\u5317\u7891\u8005\u4ea6\u751f\u6b64\u75c5\uff09<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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The prominence of the French school lies in its all-inclusiveness. As human beings, we are endowed with acute capabilities of hearing and seeing, yet, at the same time, we are defiled by the faeces and urine held in our bodies. Let us take for example Prud\u2019hon\u2019s[1]<\/sup><\/a> masterly performance, Ingres\u2019 luxuriousness, Delacroix\u2019 magnificence, Puvis de Chavanne\u2019s grandness, Bonnat\u2019s and Henner\u2019s unyielding and outstanding acuteness, Carri\u00e8re\u2019s ethereal and pious nature, Dagnan-Bouveret\u2019s, Bastien-Lepage\u2019s, and Hebert\u2019s shared tacit profundity, Corot\u2019s outstanding charm, Besnard\u2019s sublimity, Baudry\u2019s refined elegance, Rude\u2019s powerfulness, Rodin\u2019s heroism, Carpeau\u2019s potency, Millet\u2019s boundless reticence, Monet\u2019s versatility and extraordinariness, as well as the calmness and complexity of Courbet, the weird grotesqueness of Daumier, the unconstrained effortlessness of Morot, the wittiness of Degas, the mysteriousness of Moreau, the \u00a0expertise in animals of Barye, in addition to Manet\u2019s mediocrity, Renoir\u2019s vulgarity, C\u00e9zanne\u2019s superficiality, and Matisse\u2019s inferiority\u2014even if we know about all the viciousness we are so opposed to, due to the art dealers\u2019 insulting manipulations and promotions, their artworks made them famous, drawing people\u2019s attention overnight. The ideology of Europe has changed since the Great War. A blind following of trends eroded the dignity of fine arts. Fortunately, some of the most prominent art has been preserved and we are still able to see the highest standards of our forerunners. At present, since life is so competitive, artists have no time for inquiring into the profound. All of this is by no means an evolution but just a changing phenomenon. (One cannot progress unless they become well-known, however, this does not apply to our forerunners.) If we, Eastern people, follow the trends to cover up our foolishness, it is as ridiculous as the Westerners\u2019 attempt to promote Chinese ideology in Europe. It is like attempting to probe into the highly detailed Huang Huiru \u9ec3\u60e0\u5982[2]<\/sup><\/a> case\u2014would this not be ridiculous?<\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Pierre-Paul Prud\u2019hon (1758-1823) was a French painter who was well-known for his \u201callegorical paintings and portraits\u201d. He was widely considered an artist of Romanticism owing to the \u201cmelancholy\u201d and \u201cdreaminess\u201d of his paintings. He went to Paris in 1780 and stayed in Italy from 1784 to 1878. He gained membership in the \u201cInstitute de France\u201d in 1816. (See: Pierre-Paul Prud\u2019hon:100 Master Drawings<\/em>, Blagoy Kiroff) (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015), foreword.)<\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Huang Huiru <\/em>\u9ec3\u6167\u5982: Huang Huiru was a widely known woman during the Republican period of China. As rumour had it, having a background of a wealthy family, Huang Huiru had an affair with her brother\u2019s servant Lu Genrong after her engagement with another man was broken. Her pregnancy in addition to her brother\u2019s lawsuit against Lu Genrong made her story widely talked-about in the media. (See: Wen-hsin Yeh, Shanghai Splendour: Economic Sentiments and the Making of Modern China 1843-1949<\/em> (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007), 113.)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\u6cd5\u570b\u6d3e\u4e4b\u5927\uff0c\u4e43\u5728\u5176\u5bb9\u7d0d\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u5982\u543e\u4eba\u96d6\u6709\u8033\u76ee\u4e4b\u8070\u660e\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e0a\u4ea6\u85cf\u7cde\u6c41\u4e4b\u6c61\u57a2\u3002\u5982\u666e\u5442\u52d5\uff08Prud\u2019hon\uff09\u4e4b\u9ad8\u5999\uff0c\u5b89\u845b\u723e\uff08Ingres\uff09\u4e4b\u83ef\u8cb4\uff0c\u7279\u62c9\u514b\u7f85\u5229\uff08Delacroix\uff09\u4e4b\u58ef\u9e97\uff0c\u7562\u4e8e\u7dad\u53f2\uff08Puvis de Chavannes\uff09\u4e4b\u5049\u5927\uff0c\u8584\u5948\uff08Bonnat\uff09\u3001\u611b\u8010\uff08Henner\uff09\u4e4b\u5805\u5353\u654f\u92b3\uff0c\u5e72\u9023\uff08Carri\u00e8re\uff09\u4e4b\u98c4\u6e3a\u865b\u548c\uff0c\u9054\u4ef0\uff08Dagnan-Bouveret\uff09\u3001\u767d\u53f8\u59dc\u52d2\u73ed\u7fd2\uff08Bastien-Lepage\uff09\u53ca\u611b\u500d\u723e\uff08Hebert\uff09\u4e4b\u7cbe\u5fae\u5e7d\u6df1\uff0c\u7a40\u6d1b\uff08Corot\uff09\u4e4b\u9038\u97fb\uff0c\u500d\u96e3\u723e\uff08Besnard\uff09\u4e4b\u6e3e\u535a\uff0c\u8584\u7279\u7406\uff08Baudry\uff09\u4e4b\u6e05\u96c5\uff0c\u5442\u7279\uff08Rude\uff09\u4e4b\u5f37\uff0c\u99f1\u8569\uff08Rodin\uff09\u4e4b\u96c4\uff0c\u5e79\u723e\u6ce2\uff08Carpeaux\uff09\u4e4b\u80fd\uff0c\u7c73\u840a\uff08Millet\uff09\u4e4b\u84bc\u83bd\u6c89\u5bc2\uff0c\u7a46\u8010\uff08Monet\uff09\u4e4b\u5947\u8b8a\u7470\u9e97\uff0c\u53c8\u6c89\u8457\u8302\u5bc6\u5982\u5b64\u800c\u500d\uff08Courbet\uff09\uff0c\u8a7c\u8a6d\u6ed1\u7a3d\u5982\u9640\u7dbf\uff08Daumier\uff09, \u63ee\u7051\u81ea\u5982\u5982\u7a46\u843d\uff08Morot\uff09, \u4fbf\u6377\u8f15\u5229\u4e4b\u7279\u8304\u53f2\uff08Degas\uff09, \u795e\u79d8\u5982\u7a46\u7f85\uff08Moreau\uff09, \u535a\u7cbe\u52d5\u7269\u5982\u6392\u7406\uff08Barye\uff09\uff0c\u96d6\u4ee5\u99ac\u8010\uff08Manet\uff09\u4e4b\u5eb8\uff0c\u52d2\u5974\u5e7b(Renoir)\u4e4b\u4fd7\uff0c\u816e\u60f9\u7d0d\uff08C\u00e9zanne\uff09\u4e4b\u6d6e\uff0c\u99ac\u68af\u662f\uff08Matisse\uff09\u4e4b\u52a3\uff0c\u7e31\u6089\u53cd\u5c0d\u65b9\u5411\u6240\u6709\u4e4b\u60e1\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u85c9\u8ce3\u756b\u5546\u4eba\u4e4b\u64cd\u7e31\u5ba3\u50b3\uff0c\u4ea6\u80fd\u9707\u64bc\u4e00\u6642\uff0c\u662d\u662d\u5728\u4eba\u8033\u76ee\u3002\u6b50\u6d32\u81ea\u5927\u6230\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u8b8a\u6613\u3002\u7f8e\u8853\u4e4b\u5c0a\u56b4\u853d\u8755\uff0c\u4fd7\u5c1a\u7af6\u8da8\u6642\u9ae6\u3002\u5e78\u5927\u5947\u4e4b\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u5f97\u898b\u6614\u4eba\u81f3\u5fb7\u3002\u964d\u53ca\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u751f\u5b58\u7af6\u722d\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u7121\u6687\u6cbb\u53ca\u9ad8\u6df1\u3002\u662f\u4e43\u8b8a\u8c61\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u9032\u7a0b\u3002\uff08\u975e\u8b02\u9042\u7121\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u9867\u7d55\u975e\u5f7c\u8f29\uff09\u82e5\u543e\u6771\u4eba\u5c24\u800c\u6548\u4e4b\uff0c\u5247\u6070\u540c\u897f\u4eba\u6b32\u50b3\u64ad\u4e2d\u570b\u5b78\u8853\u4e8e\u6b50\u571f\uff0c\u800c\u523a\u63a2\u7da6\u8a73\u9ec3\u6167\u5982\u4e8b\u8e5f\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a9\u98fe\u6e3e\u9ad4\u7cca\u5857\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b11\u8036\uff1f<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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There are giants among the modernists, such as Puvis de Chavannes, Rodin, Carri\u00e8re, Monet, and Besnard. Among the neo-impressionists (dian pai<\/em> \u9ede\u6d3e)[1]<\/sup><\/a> Martin and Aman-Jean, Simon and Blanche are also known for their unique styles. However, art by artists appealing to the masses is commercialized in one way or another. How unfortunate it is that the yellow-faced people (huang mian ren<\/em>\u9ec3\u9762\u4eba) are fooled by art dealers the likes of Paul Durand-Ruel. Consequently, there is no art on the market by such ground-breaking and exceptional artists as Germany\u2019s Menzel and Leibl, Belgium\u2019s St Bats[2]<\/sup><\/a>by Lys[3]<\/sup><\/a>, Spain\u2019s Sorolla, Sweden\u2019s Zorn, Italy\u2019s Boldini, Tito and Sartorio, England\u2019s Sargent, USA\u2019s Brngwyn[4]<\/sup><\/a>, and Hungary\u2019s Munk\u00e1csy. As a result, all of these artists are seldom known. If our country\u2019s revolutionary government (geming<\/em> zhengfu <\/em>\u9769\u547d\u653f\u5e9c)[5]<\/sup><\/a> was ever tempted to come up with high-level strategies, master plans, or visionary foresight, it would go as far as to collect ten million yuan<\/em> from opium, gambling and various other taxes in order to establish an extensive art museum. It would also collect three or five thousand yuan <\/em>and acquire tens of paintings by Cezanne and Matisse. If the \u201cflesh and blood of the people (minzhi mingao <\/em>\u6c11\u8102\u6c11\u818f)[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u201d is spent on purchasing works of art which can be made as easy as falling off a log, it would be the same as spending the money to purchase imported morphine and heroin. I, Xu Beihong, would rather let my hair grow and go to live as a hermit up the mountains (pifa rushan<\/em> \u62ab\u9aee\u5165\u5c71)[7]<\/sup><\/a> than witness such despicable corruption and degeneration ever again. Among an existing variety of natural talents in our nation, I adore and admire Chinese masters (yi ren<\/em> \u85dd\u4eba)[8]<\/sup><\/a> such as Xu Xi[9]<\/sup><\/a>, Huang Quan[10]<\/sup><\/a>, Yi Yuanji[11]<\/sup><\/a> and Qian Shunju[12]<\/sup><\/a>, in addition to Ren Bonian[13]<\/sup><\/a>, who brought new life to the art scene with his extraordinarily exceptional skills. I hope not to see the inanimate and lifeless art conventionel<\/em>[14]<\/sup><\/a> dominated by the Four Wangs (si wang <\/em>\u56db\u738b)[15]<\/sup><\/a>, and the layman (wai hang ren <\/em>\u5916\u884c\u4eba)[16]<\/sup><\/a> Wu Changshuo[17]<\/sup><\/a> who dominates the realm of art. Gradually declining and diminishing (shiwei shiwei <\/em>\u5f0f\u5fae\u5f0f\u5fae)[18]<\/sup><\/a>, fine art has already deteriorated to an extreme degree. I hope Chinese art will take a bright and glorious path once again and that our ancestors\u2019 non-utilitarian stance will be prominently showcased. (This is a characteristic of Chinese fine arts. Fine arts are commonly supposed to be non-utilitarian, however, in other countries there have always been art practitioners pursuing their interests and seeking fame; quite to the contrary, Chinese artists tended to portray flowers and birds, mountains and rivers so as to express emotions and deepen our aesthetics.) There is no place for art dealers to defraud others on this path either. (This is somewhat over thought, but it is actually inevitable.) Mister Zhimo, your ongoing thoughtfulness is much appreciated. Although one hundred flowers can blossom it is hard to imagine them blossoming all at the same time, [that is to say,] it is impossible to simultaneously share all of the works of art and viewpoints with the audience. As I am not enthusiastic lately, I will not attend the exhibition\u2014yet I mean no harm.<\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a>Translator\u2019s note: Dianpai <\/em>\u9ede\u6d3e (neo-impressionism): Neo-impressionism focuses on Seurat and
the pointillist \/divisionist technique. It uses a systematic approach to form and colour, particularly using pointillist technique that emerged in the late 1870s. (See: Mckever, Rosalind. Neo-impressionism and anarchism in fin-de-siecle France: Painting, Politics and Landscape by Robyn Roslak.<\/em>\u00a0Art Book 15 no.3,\u00a02008), 35.)<\/p>\r\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: No information can be found about \u201cst bats\u201d, which is written in English in the original text. However, we suspect it may refer to a painting.<\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: we cannot confirm the existence of an artist known as \u201cLys\u201d.<\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: The artist Xu Beihong referred to as \u201cBr ngwyn\u201d may refer to Frank Brangwyn (1867-1956), also known as Sir Frank William Brangwyn. He was a British watercolourist and painter of murals, examples of which are to be found in London and Missouri. (See: Stangos, Nikos. The Thames and Hudson Dictionary of Art and Artists<\/em> (Thames & Hudson, 1994), 59.) However, we think the nationality of Brangwyn may be incorrect in the original text.<\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Gemingzhengfu<\/em> \u9769\u547d\u653f\u5e9c: Gemingzhengfu <\/em>is translated as the revolutionary government in this article, however David Der-wei Wang translated this the Nationalist government. (See Wang 2001, 29).<\/p>\r\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Minzhimingao <\/em>\u6c11\u8102\u6c11\u818f (flesh and blood of the people): Minzhimingao <\/em>refers to people\u2019s wealth gained from their hard work.\u00a0 (See: Xiaoqing, Zhao and Ying, Li. Shehui zhuyi hexin jiazhiguan wenhua duben, weiyandayi <\/em>\u4e2d\u570b\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6838\u5fc3\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u6587\u5316\u8b80\u672c\uff0c\u5fae\u8a00\u5927\u7fa9 [A book of the culture of core socialist values\u2014small words with deep meanings] (Beijing, 2016), 99.)<\/p>\r\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Pifa Rushan <\/em>\u62ab\u9aee\u5165\u5c71 : It means that one lets one\u2019s hair continue to grow, leaves the secular world and lives in seclusion. (See: Han da chengyu da cidian \u6f22\u5927\u6210\u8a9e\u5927\u8a5e\u5178 [Chinese idioms dictionary] (Shanghai: Chengyu da cidian chubanshe, 1996), 564.)<\/p>\r\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: yiren <\/em>\u85dd\u4eba (master): In this article, the term refers to the great masters of art, rather than the actors, performers, and entertainers as it is understood today.<\/p>\r\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Xu Xi <\/em>\u5f90\u7199 (886-975): Xu Xi was a Chinese painter in the Southern Tang kingdom during the Five Dynasties. He was particularly adept at painting birds and flowers. (See: Peng De \u5f6d\u5fb7, Zhongguo meishu shi <\/em>\u4e2d\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u53f2 [Chinese art history] (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 2004), 506.)<\/p>\r\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Huang Quan <\/em>\u9ec3\u7b4c (?-965): Huang Quan, zi <\/em>Yaoshu, was a Chinese painter during the Five Dynasties period and the Song dynasty. He was a master of painting birds and flowers. (See: Xu Shucheng \u5f90\u66f8\u57ce, Songdai huihua shi<\/em> \u5b8b\u4ee3\u7e6a\u756b\u53f2 [Art history of the Song dynasty] (Beijing: Renmin meishu chubanshe, 2000), 7.)<\/p>\r\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Yi Yuanji <\/em>\u6613\u5143\u5409: Yi Yuanji, zi<\/em> Qingzhi, was a painter during the Northern Song dynasty. He specialized in realistic paintings of animals, especially the gibbons. (See: Hu Wenhu \u80e1\u6587\u864e, Zhongguo gudai huajia cidian <\/em>\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u756b\u5bb6\u8fad\u5178 [Dictionary of artists in ancient China] (Zhejiang: Zhejiang renmin chubanshe, 1999), 56.)<\/p>\r\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Qian Shunju<\/em> \u9322\u821c\u8209: Qian Shunju was also known as Qian Xuan (\u9322\u9078). He was a Chinese painter during the late Song dynasty and early Yuan dynasty. He was adept at painting birds and flowers, as well as landscape paintings. (See: Xia Xianchun \u590f\u9e79\u6df3, Gao Yudi \u768b\u7389\u8482, Ming qing<\/em> sanwen shang qi <\/em>\u660e\u6e05\u6563\u6587\u8cde\u5947 [Proses in Ming and Qing dynasties] (Shanghai: Hanyu da cidian chubanshe, 2001), 13.)<\/p>\r\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Ren Bonian <\/em>\u4efb\u4f2f\u5e74 (1840-1896): Ren Bonian, also known as Ren Yi, was an outstanding painter in modern China. He excelled at painting landscapes, flowers, birds, and characters. (See: Huang Ding \u9ec3\u9f0e, Mingjia shuhua jianding de lilun yu shijian<\/em> \u540d\u5bb6\u66f8\u756b\u9452\u5b9a\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u5be6\u8e10 [Theory and practice of the identification on masters\u2019 calligraphy and paintings] (Zhejiang: Zhejiang renmin meishu chubanshe, 2000), 110.)<\/p>\r\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Art Conventionel<\/em> (Conventional Art): Conventional Art is made with standard mediums, such as paint and canvas.<\/p>\r\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Si Wang <\/em>\u56db\u738b (Four Wangs): The Four Wangs were four Chinese landscape painters during Qing dynasty, all of which were surnamed Wang. They were Wang Shimin (\u738b\u6642\u654f), Wang Jian (\u738b\u9452), Wang Hui (\u738b\u7fec) and Wang Yuanqi (\u738b\u539f\u7941). (See: Jianming zhongguohua cidian <\/em>\u7c21\u660e\u4e2d\u570b\u756b\u8fad\u5178 [Brief Chinese painting dictionary] (Shanghai: Shanghai shuhua chubanshe, 2004), 72.)<\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Waihang <\/em>\u5916\u884c (layman): Wu Changshuo said he was best at seal engraving, then at calligraphy and portraying flowers. However, he was a layman at depicting landscapes. (See: Liu Haisu \u5289\u6d77\u7c9f, Huiyi Wu chang shuo<\/em> \u56de\u61b6\u5433\u660c\u78a9 [A Memory of Wu Changshuo] (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1986), 35.)<\/p>\r\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: Wu Changshuo <\/em>\u5433\u660c\u78a9 (1844-1927): Wu Changlao, also known as Wu Changshuo, was a Guohua<\/em> painter, calligrapher, poet and seal engraver. (See: Sullivan, Michael. Modern Chinese artists: a biographical dictionary\/Michael Sullivan. University of California Press, 2006), 174.)<\/p>\r\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: \u201c\u5f0f\u5fae\u5f0f\u5fae\u201d is a quote from The Book of Songs <\/em>(\u8a69\u7d93).<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u65b0\u6d3e\u4e2d\u81ea\u6709\u5de8\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u7562\u4e8e\u7dad\u53f2\uff08Puvis de Chavannes\uff09\u3001\u99f1\u8569\uff08Rodin\uff09\u3001\u5e72\u9023\uff08Carri\u00e8re\uff09\u3001\u7a46\u8010\uff08Monet\uff09\u3001\u53ca\u5c1a\u5728\u4e4b\u500d\u96e3\u723e\uff08Besnard\uff09\u3002\u53c8\u5982\u9ede\u6d3e\u4e4b\u746a\u5f8b\u7576\uff08Martin\uff09\u53ca\u5b89\u832b\u8c61\uff08Aman-Jean\uff09\u3001\u897f\u8499\uff08Simon\uff09\u3001\u52c3\u90ce\u96ea\uff08Blanche\uff09\u4ea6\u5353\u7d55\u6709\u7368\u9020\u3002\u9867\u6700\u81be\u7099\u4eba\u53e3\u4e4b\u7f8e\u8853\u5bb6\uff0c\u591a\u5e36\u5e7e\u5206\u5546\u696d\u6027\u8cea\u3002\u5948\u9ec3\u9762\u4eba\u53d7\uff08Paul Durand-Ruel\uff09\uff08\u5927\u756b\u5546\uff09\u4e00\u985e\u4eba\u611a\u5f04\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u7121\u5fb7\u4e4bMenzel, Leibl, \u6bd4\u4e4bSt bats, Lys\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4e4bSorolla, \u745e\u5178\u4e4bZorn, \u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u4e4bBoldini\u3001Tito\u3001Sartorio, \u82f1\u4e4bSargent, \u7f8e\u570b\u7c4dBr ngwyn, \u5308\u52a0\u5229\u4e4bMunk\u00e1csy\uff08\u7686\u9769\u65b0\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e00\u4e16\u4e4b\u5927\u5bb6\uff09\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002\u5176\u540d\u65bc\u662f\u6773\u7109\u7121\u805e\u3002\u82e5\u543e\u570b\u9769\u547d\u653f\u5e9c\u555f\u5176\u5929\u7e31\u4e4b\u8b00\uff0c\u5049\u5927\u4e4b\u8a08\uff0c\u9ad8\u77bb\u9060\u77da\uff0c\u7adf\u62bd\u7159\u8ced\u96dc\u7a05\u4e00\u5343\u842c\u5143\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u4e4b\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\uff0c\u800c\u6536\u7f85\u4e09\u4e94\u5343\u5143\u4e00\u5e45\u4e4b\u816e\u60f9\u7d0d\u3001\u99ac\u68af\u662f\u4e4b\u756b\u5341\u5927\u9593\u3002\uff08\u5f7c\u7b49\u4e4b\u756b\u4e00\u5c0f\u6642\u53ef\u4f5c\u5169\u5e45\uff09\u70ba\u6c11\u8102\u6c11\u818f\u8a08\uff0c\u672a\u898b\u5f97\u5c31\u597d\u904e\u8cb7\u4f86\u8def\u8ca8\u4e4b\u55ce\u5561\u6d77\u7da0\u8335\u3002\u5728\u6211\u5f90\u60b2\u9d3b\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u537b\u5c07\u62ab\u9aee\u5165\u5c71\uff0c\u4e0d\u9867\u518d\u898b\u6b64\u985e\u5351\u9119\u660f\u8075\u9ed1\u6697\u58ae\u843d\u4e5f\u3002\u543e\u6ecb\u9858\u543e\u656c\u611b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u570b\u85dd\u4eba\uff0c\u6191\u543e\u570b\u5929\u8ce6\u9020\u7269\u4e4b\u7e41\uff0c\u6709\u5f90\u7199\u3001\u9ec3\u7b4c\u3001\u6613\u5143\u5409\u3001\u9322\u821c\u8209\u7b49\u5927\u5e2b\uff0c\u4e26\u8207\u543e\u4eba\u4ee5\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u5de5\u529b\u6e5b\u6df1\u907a\u4e16\u7368\u7acb\u4e4b\u4efb\u4f2f\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0d\u9858\u518d\u898b\u6beb\u7121\u771f\u6c23\u7121\u9858\u529b\u4e00\u7a2eArt<\/em> Conventionel<\/em>\u4e4b\u56db\u738b\u5145\u585e\uff0c\u53ca\u5916\u884c\u800c\u4e3b\u756b\u58c7\u4e4b\u5433\u660c\u8001\u3002\u5f0f\u5fae\u5f0f\u5fae\uff0c\u8870\u843d\u5df2\u6975\u3002\u9858\u543e\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u8da8\u5411\u5149\u660e\u6b63\u5927\u4e4b\u9014\u3002\u4ee5\u7d39\u543e\u5148\u4eba\u975e\u529f\u5229\uff08\u6b64\u70ba\u543e\u4e2d\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u4e4b\u7279\u9ede\u3002\u7f8e\u8853\u4e4b\u5171\u540c\u689d\u4ef6\u56fa\u6709\u975e\u529f\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4ed6\u570b\uff0c\u6052\u6709\u6c42\u798f\u9080\u529f\u4e4b\u8de1\u3002\u4e0d\u82e5\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u5beb\u82b1\u9ce5\u4f5c\u5c71\u6c34\u60df\u6292\u60c5\u5bc4\u7f8e\u611f\uff09\u4e4b\u5049\u8de1\u3002\u800c\u4f7f\u4e00\u5207\u8cb7\u8ce3\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u7121\u6240\u65bd\u5176\u72e1\u736a\u4e5f\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u4ea6\u904e\u616e\uff0c\u4f46\u52e2\u6240\u5fc5\u7136\u3002\uff09 \u5fd7\u6469\u5144\uff1a\u627f\u518d\u4e09\u7737\u5ff5\uff0c\u611f\u6fc0\u842c\u5206\u3002\u9867\u767e\u82b1\u958b\u653e\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6bd4\u4f86\u610f\u8208\u90fd\u76e1\uff0c\u5176\u4e0d\u53c3\u8207\u76db\u6703\uff0c\u4e26\u7121\u60e1\u610f\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

You are so intelligent that you must have perceived it. I deliver the article I drafted yesterday for your review. Whether you publish it or not depends on you, but do not judge it by its author. If it is to be published, it shall be proofread thoroughly to avoid typos throughout.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u8db3\u4e0b\u4e4b\u660e\u7576\u5bdf\u53ca\u4e5f\u3002\u6628\u6b78\u4f5c\u6587\u4e00\u7bc7\uff0c\u8b39\u5448\u3002\u6559\u91c7\u767b\u8207\u5426\uff0c\u539f\u6240\u5f17\u8a08\u3002\u4f46\u82df\u767b\u53bb\uff0c\u9808\u6821\u5c0d\u7cbe\u78ba\uff0c\u6bcb\u767d\u5b57\u9023\u7bc7\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

A tender adieu with appreciation and warm regards,<\/p>\r\n

Xu Beihong<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u62dc\u79b1\u6b64\u81f4\u65e5\u7949 \u60b2\u9d3b\u555f<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

The exhibition is well-organized and of singular originality. Your hard work is admirable. Most exhibits are masterpieces. It will show your respect for the great masters if you place Gao Jianfu\u2019s[1]<\/sup><\/a> paintings in the middle. May I ask for your honoured response?<\/p>\r\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a>Translator\u2019s note: Gao Jianfu <\/em>\u9ad8\u528d\u7236 (1879-1951): Gao Jianfu, also known as Gao Lun, was a Cantonese artist and the founder of Lingnan School. He was a leader in the movement to modernize traditional Chinese painting as a \u201cnew national art\u201d by introducing Western techniques such as realistic drawing and shading. (See: Michael Sullivan, Modern Chinese Artist: A Biographical Dictionary <\/em>(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006), 41.)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u6b64\u6b21\u4f48\u7f6e\u59a5\u7576\uff0c\u6b8a\u898b\u5320xx\u5fc3\u3002\u5176\u4f69\u8af8\u516c\u8ce2\u52de\uff0c\u51fa\u53e3\u4ea6\u591a\u4f73\u4f5c\u3002\u528d\u7236\u8af8\u5e45\u80fd\u7f6e\u4e2d\u9593\uff08\u5373\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5e45\uff09\u4ea6\u5c0a\u91cd\u540d\u5bb6\u4e4b\u610f\u3002 \u5c0a\u610f\u5982\u4f55\uff1f<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\u00a0<\/td>\r\n\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n
\r\n

\"Creative<\/a>
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Translated by Tianyue Wang, Tanda Li, Lijing Zhu, Zheng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=228"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":351,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228\/revisions\/351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}