{"id":1025,"date":"2024-06-04T01:24:59","date_gmt":"2024-06-04T01:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/?p=1025"},"modified":"2024-06-04T05:23:01","modified_gmt":"2024-06-04T05:23:01","slug":"a-travelogue-of-the-south-pacafic-%e5%8d%97%e5%a4%aa%e5%b9%b3%e6%b4%8b%e9%81%8a%e8%a8%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cinioentraduko.com\/zh\/2024\/06\/04\/a-travelogue-of-the-south-pacafic-%e5%8d%97%e5%a4%aa%e5%b9%b3%e6%b4%8b%e9%81%8a%e8%a8%98\/","title":{"rendered":"A Travelogue of the South Pacafic \u5357\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u904a\u8a18"},"content":{"rendered":"

Please see the PDF version of this text here<\/a> for footnotes and other chapters.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
English<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u4e2d\u6587<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\r\n

Chapter 7.\u00a0 The Chinese in Australia\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

Dutch explorers found Australia before the British, but due to a lack of sufficient colonial policies and capabilities, they eventually failed to colonize and dominate this land. Similarly, Chinese migration to Australia can be traced back 100 years ago, when the Chinese engaged in the development and construction of this land alongside the British. Yet, they also met a similar fate as the Dutch. What were the reasons? The Australian government has prohibited Chinese labor immigration for over thirty years, and China’s weakened power is widely recognized as a contributing factor to this. Yet eighty years ago, Australia had approximately one hundred thousand Chinese residents. If the Chinese government implemented colonial policies and if Chinese people had a migration mindset,\u00a0the Chinese community would not have shrunk as it has today. Taking Victoria as an example, in 1851 when the region was still in the early stages of development, there were approximately 46,000 Chinese immigrants, marking the peak of the Chinese community at that time, with British immigrants just over 100,000. However, today, British immigrants have grown to 1,500,000, while Chinese immigrants have decreased to 2,000. Initially, Chinese immigrants came to Australia just to make a living, with no intention of long-term settlement. They would return to China once they accumulated some savings. This reflects a so-called lack of immigrant mindset, leading the Chinese community gradually to shrink. The following statistics of Chinese immigrants residing in Victoria over the past century disclosed by the Australian government provide valuable data for studying Chinese emigration affairs.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n

Year<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

Number of Chinese<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

1851<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

46,000<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

1861<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

24,732<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

1891<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

9,377<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

1901<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

6,814<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

1953<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

2,000<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u4e03\u3001\u6fb3\u6d32\u83ef\u50d1<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

\u8377\u4eba\u5c0b\u7372\u6fb3\u6d32\u5148\u65bc\u82f1\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u7121\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5352\u81f3\u843d\u5f8c\u3002\u83ef\u4eba\u79fb\u6b96\u6fb3\u6d32\u9060\u5728\u767e\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u548c\u82f1\u4eba\u540c\u6642\u53c3\u52a0\u958b\u62d3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ea6\u906d\u5982\u8377\u4eba\u540c\u4e00\u7684\u904b\u547d\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7de3\u6545\uff1f\u6fb3\u6d32\u653f\u5e9c\u7981\u7d55\u83ef\u5de5\u5165\u5883\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u4e09\u5341\u9918\u5e74\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u570b\u529b\u4e0d\u632f\u6709\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7136\uff0c\u4eba\u6240\u5171\u77e5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u83ef\u50d1\u5c45\u7559\u6fb3\u6d32\u8005\u7d04\u5341\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u5047\u4f7f\u7576\u6642\u653f\u5e9c\u7a0d\u6709\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u83ef\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u6b96\u6c11\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u7576\u4e0d\u81f4\u5982\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u8870\u5fae\u3002\u8a66\u5c31\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u4e00\u90a6\u800c\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e00\u516b\u4e94\u4e00\u5e74\u70ba\u83ef\u50d1\u6700\u591a\u7684\u6642\u5019\u7d04\u6709\u56db\u842c\u516d\u5343\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u5730\u65b9\u521d\u958b\uff0c\u82f1\u4eba\u4ea6\u4e0d\u904e\u5341\u9918\u842c\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u4eba\u7e41\u6b96\u81f3\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u842c\u800c\u83ef\u50d1\u5247\u53cd\u6e1b\u7e2e\u81f3\u4e8c\u5343\u4eba\u3002\u83ef\u50d1\u4e4b\u4f86\u6fb3\u6d32\uff0c\u521d\u6642\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u904e\u5728\u4e4e\u8b00\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u7121\u4e45\u5c45\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u53ca\u5f8c\u7a0d\u6709\u84c4\u7a4d\u4fbf\u201c\u69ae\u6b78\u5510\u5c71\u201d\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7121\u6b96\u6c11\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u83ef\u50d1\u666f\u6cc1\u65e5\u6f38\u8870\u843d\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u5c45\u7559\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u83ef\u50d1\u6578\u76ee\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u64da\u4ed6\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u4f48\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u50d1\u52d9\u6975\u597d\u4e4b\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
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\u5e74\u671f\uff1a<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\u83ef\u50d1\u6578\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

\u4e00\u516b\u4e94\u4e00\u5e74<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\u56db\u516d\u3007\u3007\u3007\u4eba<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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\u4e00\u516b\u516d\u4e00\u5e74<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\u4e8c\u56db\u4e03\u4e09\u4e8c\u4eba<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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\u4e00\u516b\u4e5d\u4e00\u5e74<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e03\u4e03\u4eba<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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\u4e00\u4e5d\u3007\u4e00\u5e74<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\u516d\u516b\u4e00\u56db\u4eba<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e94\u5e74<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\u516d\u516b\u4e00\u56db\u4eba<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

From the above table, we can readily discern Chinese migration patterns over the years. One particular note is the halving of numbers from 1851 to 1861. It is said that during this period, Chinese immigrants, same as the whites, were primarily focused on gold mining, regarding Australia as the \u201cNew Gold Mountain.\u201d However, as gold reserves dwindled, many Chinese miners left Australia, resulting in a sharp decrease in their population. Subsequently, many Chinese engaged in agricultural cultivation. During the early stages of Australia’s development, the barren land with extreme weather conditions and the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria, made it uninhabitable for the whites. Therefore, diligent and hardworking Chinese immigrants were highly welcomed.<\/td>\r\n\u5f9e\u4e0a\u8868\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u83ef\u50d1\u6b77\u5e74\u79fb\u6b96\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u7576\u53ef\u77ad\u7136\u3002\u5c31\u4e2d\u5c1a\u9808\u52a0\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u516b\u4e94\u4e00\u81f3\u4e00\u516b\u516d\u4e00\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u9593\u4f55\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u5230\u534a\u6578\uff0c\u64da\u8aaa\u7576\u6642\u83ef\u50d1\u4e4b\u4f86\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u4ea6\u4f3c\u767d\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5fd7\u5728\u6398\u91d1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u83ef\u50d1\u5148\u6642\u7a31\u6fb3\u6d32\u70ba\u65b0\u91d1\u5c71\uff0c\u53ca\u5f8c\u91d1\u76e1\u4eba\u4ea6\u96e2\u53bb\uff0c\u6545\u83ef\u50d1\u4eba\u6578\u9a5f\u6e1b\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\u83ef\u50d1\u591a\u53c3\u52a0\u58be\u8352\u8015\u7a2e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6fb3\u6d32\u958b\u62d3\u7684\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u6eff\u76ee\u8352\u6dbc\uff0c\u5bd2\u71b1\u4ea4\u4fb5\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u75ab\u7627\u6642\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u60e1\u6bd2\u6c34\u571f\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u6240\u96e3\u582a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u65bc\u5fcd\u52de\u8010\u82e6\u7684\u83ef\u4eba\u6975\u5176\u6b61\u8fce\u5165\u5883\u3002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

We can assert that Australia owes much of its present prosperity to the significant contributions of Chinese immigrants in reclaiming and cultivating land. Therefore, during discussions with journalists in Melbourne, I raised this point to highlight the ingratitude of the Australian government’s decision to ban Chinese immigration. After 1870, Australia began restricting Chinese immigration, employing clever tactics such as limiting the number of Chinese passengers in any vessel thereunder to one for every 100 tons registered tonnage. By 1900, the government implemented a comprehensive ban on Chinese immigration. Today, there are approximately 2,000 Chinese residents in Victoria, over 4,000 in New South Wales, and about 2,000 in other states, less than 10,000 in total. These approximate figures are based on reports from the Australian government and Chinese community organizations. Although the Chinese consulate in Australia once requested Chinese immigrants to register, the outcome remains unknown, so it is unclear whether they have any statistics on the Chinese population. In the latter half of the 19th century, there were about 100,000 Chinese residents in Australia, but the incompetent Qing government paid little attention to them. It wasn’t until 1911, the last year of Qing dynasty, that a consul was dispatched to Melbourne, prompted by petitions from Chinese immigrants. The consulate was relocated from Melbourne to Sydney in 1933, possibly as part of a broader policy aiming at developing emigration affairs.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u6fb3\u6d32\u6709\u4eca\u65e5\u4e4b\u7e41\u69ae\uff0c\u83ef\u50d1\u58be\u62d3\u7684\u529f\u52de\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u7f8e\u5229\u6ff1\u8207\u65b0\u805e\u8a18\u8005\u8ac7\u8a71\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4fbf\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cd\u5c04\u6fb3\u6d32\u653f\u5e9c\u7981\u7d55\u83ef\u4eba\u5165\u5883\u4e4b\u5fd8\u672c\u3002\u4e00\u516b\u4e03\u3007\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u6fb3\u6d32\u958b\u59cb\u9650\u5236\u83ef\u4eba\u5165\u5883\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u5999\uff0c\u8239\u6bcf\u767e\u5678\u53ea\u51c6\u8f09\u4e00\u83ef\u4eba\u3002\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e00\u4e5d\u3007\u3007\u5e74\uff0c\u9042\u7d55\u5c0d\u7981\u7d55\u83ef\u4eba\u4f86\u6fb3\u6d32\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\u50d1\u5c45\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u83ef\u4eba\u7d04\u6709\u4e8c\u5343\u4eba\uff0c\u65b0\u5357\u5a01\u723e\u65af\u56db\u5343\u9918\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u90a6\u4ea6\u7d04\u4e8c\u5343\u4eba\uff0c\u5408\u5171\u4e0d\u8db3\u842c\u4eba\u3002\u9019\u662f\u6839\u64da\u6fb3\u6d32\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u516c\u4f48\u4ee5\u53ca\u83ef\u50d1\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u5831\u544a\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u6982\u6578\u3002 \u4e2d\u570b\u99d0\u6fb3\u6d32\u7684\u9818\u4e8b\u66fe\u4ee4\u83ef\u50d1\u8a3b\u518a\uff0c\u4f46\u805e\u672a\u6709\u82e5\u4f55\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u4ed6\u6709\u7121\u83ef\u50d1\u4eba\u6578\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u800c\u77e5\u3002\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u4e0b\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u83ef\u50d1\u4e4b\u5728\u6fb3\u6d32\u8005\u7d04\u5341\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u6eff\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u660f\u5eb8\u7d55\u672a\u52a0\u4ee5\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u4ee5\u81f3\u5ba3\u7d71\u672b\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u83ef\u50d1\u4e4b\u8acb\u9858\u6566\u4fc3\uff0c\u59cb\u6d3e\u9818\u4e8b\u99d0\u7f8e\u5229\u6ff1\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u65bc\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e09\u5e74\u9818\u4e8b\u9928\u7531\u7f8e\u5229\u6ff1\u9077\u5230\u96ea\u68a8\uff0c\u9019\u6050\u6015\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u50d1\u52d9\u201d\u65bd\u653f\u5927\u7db1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
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The Chinese community is gradually shrinking, with an imbalanced distribution of men and women, resulting in low birth rates. Other reasons may refer to there being lots of departures but no arrivals, lots of deaths but no births. According to statistics released by the New South Wales government, in 1861, there were only two women out of over 12,900 Chinese immigrants. Similarly, in 1891, there were only about 100 women out of 13,000 Chinese, which means that for every 100 men, only one had a family.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n

Year<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

Male<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

Female<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

Number of Chinese<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

1861<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

12968<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

2<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

12988<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

1871<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

7208<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

12<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

7220<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

1881<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

10141<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

64<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

10205<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

1891<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

13048<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

109<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

13157<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

1901<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

……<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

……<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

11263<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

1911<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

……<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

……<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

9358<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

1921<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

6903<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

379<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

7283<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

1933<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

3925<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

578<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

4503<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u83ef\u50d1\u666f\u6cc1\u65e5\u6f38\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u4ee5\u7537\u591a\u5973\u5c11\uff0c\u751f\u6b96\u4e0d\u7e41\uff0c\u6709\u53bb\u7121\u4f86\uff0c\u6709\u6b7b\u7121\u751f\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e00\u5927\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u64da\u65b0\u5357\u5a01\u723e\u65af\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u4f48\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u4e00\u516b\u516d\u4e00\u5e74\u83ef\u50d1\u7e3d\u6578\u4e00\u842c\u4e8c\u5343\u4e5d\u767e\u9918\u4eba\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u53ea\u6709\u4e8c\u4eba\u3002\u53c8\u4e00\u516b\u4e5d\u4e00\u5e74\u83ef\u50d1\u4e00\u842c\u4e09\u5343\u9918\u4eba\uff0c\u5167\u6709\u5973\u6027\u53ea\u767e\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u7537\u6027\u767e\u4eba\u50c5\u4e00\u4eba\u6709\u5bb6\u5ba4\u3002\u8332\u5c31\u65b0\u5357\u5a01\u723e\u58eb\u6b77\u5e74\u83ef\u50d1\u6027\u5225\u6578\u76ee\u5217\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
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\u5e74\u671f<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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\u7537\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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In the last two decades, the number of Chinese immigrants in Australia dropped sharply but Chinese females increased because marriages became more common. Increasing marriages can help the reproduction of Chinese, which is a good phenomenon as the number of Chinese immigrants continues to decrease. This was why I wished Chinese people here a happy marriage and more children in my speech at the Dance Club of Melbourne Australian-born Chinese Association (Meilibin tushenghui tiaowuhui<\/em> \u7f8e\u5229\u6ff1\u571f\u751f\u6703\u8df3\u821e\u6703). My words sounded somewhat funny and made the audience laugh. Yet even the Chancellor of the German Reich Adolf Hitler is telling his people vociferously that \u201che who has the youth has the future.\u201d Many Chinese immigrants in Australia marry white women, and it is questioned whether their children will retain a connection with China.\r\n

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\u6700\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u83ef\u50d1\u4eba\u6578\u92b3\u6e1b\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u6027\u53cd\u8f03\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u84cb\u5a5a\u59fb\u76db\u884c\u4e5f\u3002\u5a5a\u59fb\u76db\u884c\u53ef\u589e\u52a0\u83ef\u50d1\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u50d1\u6cc1\u8870\u843d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u597d\u73fe\u72c0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5728\u7f8e\u5229\u6ff1\u571f\u751f\u6703\u8df3\u821e\u6703\u6f14\u8aaa\uff0c\u795d\u4ed6\u5011\u5927\u773e\u90fd\u6709\u7f8e\u6eff\u59fb\u7de3\u548c\u591a\u751f\u5152\u5973\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u542b\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6ed1\u7a3d\uff0c\u535a\u5f97\u5728\u5834\u7fa4\u773e\u4e00\u756a\u6b61\u7b11\uff0c\u4f46\u8acb\u770b\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u9996\u76f8\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\uff08Hitler\uff09\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u5411\u5176\u570b\u4eba\u5927\u8072\u75be\u547c\uff1a\u300c\u7121\u5152\u7ae5\u7121\u5e0c\u671b\u300d\u5462\uff01\u83ef\u50d1\u5bb6\u5ba4\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u8207\u767d\u5973\u7d50\u5a5a\uff0c\u6240\u751f\u6df7\u8840\u5152\u5c07\u4f86\u80fd\u5426\u4e0d\u5fd8\u7956\u570b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7591\u554f\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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Without looking at the exact numbers, vegetable gardening is the most common occupation for Chinese in Australia, followed by running fruit merchant firms and fruit stores. Chinese immigrants also own fruit and sugar cane plantations in Queensland. Other less popular jobs include laundryman, furniture maker, eatery owner, general store owner,35<\/span> medical doctor, etc. Vegetable gardening was once the most profitable occupation, but now fruit merchant firms make the most profit.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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A visit to interesting fruit markets is a must-have for one\u2019s trip to Sydney and Melbourne, two cities in Australia. The Sydney Municipal Fruit Market looks like the Victoria Wholesale Fruit Market in Melbourne. In both places, there is a central fruit market surrounded by fruit merchant firms of which over one-fourth are owned by Chinese. One Chinese fruit merchant firm was designated as the monopoly of the Remark Orange in South Australia because of its renowned credibility. A white Australian fruit merchant firm once attempted to monopolise the trade of bananas grown in New South Wales and Chinese fruit merchants teamed up together to defy its monopoly, prompting the subsequent founding of the Melbourne Chinese Fruit Merchant\u2019s Association (Meilibin huashang guohang lianhehui<\/em> \u7f8e\u5229\u6ff1\u83ef\u5546\u679c\u884c\u806f\u5408\u6703). The most exported Australian fruits are oranges, apples, and grapes, which are mostly exported to the UK and meet competitors from the US in the Eastern market. Banana is the second most harvested fruit in Australia, but oversupply caused banana prices to fall lower than the cost of production. As a result, the Australian government put limits on banana growth in recent years. One of the most imported products from China to Australia is peanuts, whose imports were valued at about 600 to 700 thousand dollars a year in the past. However, four or five years ago the Australian government imposed an embargo on the importation of Chinese peanuts, claiming that infectious diseases of plants were being imported with the nuts. The NSW Chinese Chamber of Commerce tried its best to protest the policy with a huge pile of appeals. Although the Australian government lifted the ban later, it still imposed a high level of tariff to limit the importation of peanuts. As a result, the import of peanuts into Australia in recent years has only been valued at more than 100 thousand dollars a year.<\/td>\r\n\u904a\u89bd\u96ea\u68a8\u8207\u7f8e\u5229\u6ff1\u5169\u5ea7\u6fb3\u6d32\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u90a3\u7576\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u751f\u679c\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e0d\u770b\u3002\u96ea\u68a8\u7684\u679c\u5e02\uff08Sydney Municipal Fruit Market\uff09\u4ea6\u4f3c\u7f8e\u5229\u6ff1\u7684\u679c\u5e02\uff08Victoria Wholesale Fruit Market\uff09\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u679c\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u5468\u570d\u679c\u884c\u74b0\u7acb\uff0c\u83ef\u50d1\u7d93\u71df\u8005\u5360\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5f37\u3002\u83ef\u4eba\u679c\u884c\u4e2d\u6709\u56e0\u4fe1\u7528\u662d\u8457\uff0c\u7adf\u7372\u5f97\u5357\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9e\u90a6\u6700\u826f\u7684\u6a59\u679c\uff08Remark Orange\uff09\u5c08\u8ce3\u8005\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u897f\u4eba\u5927\u679c\u884c\u60f3\u58df\u65b7\u65b0\u5357\u5a01\u723e\u65af\u7684\u9999\u8549\uff0c\u83ef\u50d1\u679c\u884c\u806f\u5408\u4ee5\u5c0d\u4ed8\u4e4b\uff0c\u56e0\u6709\u7f8e\u5229\u6ff1\u83ef\u5546\u679c\u884c\u806f\u5408\u6703\u4e4b\u8a2d\u7acb\u3002\u6fb3\u6d32\u7684\u751f\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6a59\uff0c\u860b\u679c\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u70ba\u51fa\u53e3\u5927\u5b97\uff0c\u6d88\u6d41\u82f1\u570b\u70ba\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u5728\u6771\u65b9\u5e02\u5834\u9047\u8457\u7f8e\u570b\u751f\u679c\u7684\u52c1\u6575\u3002\u9999\u8549\u51fa\u7522\u70ba\u6b21\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4f9b\u904e\u65bc\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u50f9\u683c\u964d\u843d\u4e0d\u8db3\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9999\u8549\u7a2e\u690d\u7279\u52a0\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u8ca8\u54c1\u4e4b\u6d88\u6d41\u6fb3\u6d32\u8005\u82b1\u751f\u4ea6\u70ba\u5927\u5b97\u3002\u5f80\u5e74\u82b1\u751f\u5165\u53e3\u6bcf\u5e74\u7d04\u503c\u516d\u4e03\u5341\u842c\u5143\uff0c\u81ea\u5f9e\u56db\u4e94\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e2d\u570b\u82b1\u751f\u6709\u690d\u7269\u7684\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u70ba\u85c9\u53e3\uff0c\u7981\u7d55\u5165\u5883\u3002\u96ea\u68a8\u7684\u4e2d\u83ef\u7e3d\u5546\u6703\u6975\u529b\u8207\u4e4b\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u6848\u4ef6\u4e4b\u591a\u76c8\u5c3a\uff0c\u6fb3\u6d32\u653f\u5e9c\u4e43\u7a0d\u793a\u7de9\u548c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u9ad8\u7bc9\u7a05\u7387\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u82b1\u751f\u5165\u6fb3\u6d32\u8005\u4e0d\u904e\u5e74\u503c\u5341\u9918\u842c\u5143\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
A decade ago, there were over a thousand Chinese furniture manufacturers in Sydney. Today, only two hundred Chinese work in the furniture-making industry because a labor law was enforced to limit working hours, and many old Chinese immigrants returned to China. There are two large furniture firms in Sydney owned by Chinese immigrants, each employing 70 to 80 store staff.\r\n

In the 1850s some labor unions in Australia started the Eight-hour day campaign to fight for better working conditions, which continued throughout the 19th century. In 1916 the Eight Hours Act was passed in Victoria and New South Wales to limit working hours to 8 hours a day. See: \u201cNational Museum of Australia – Eight-Hour Day,” National Museum of Australia, accessed 13 April 2024, https:\/\/www.nma.gov.au\/defining-moments\/resources\/eight-hour-day.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

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A traditional Chinese medicine practitioner is called a Chinese Herbalist in Australia with a history of 50 years. At first, Chinese herbalists showed their amazing healing skills on some occasions and thus gained the trust of white people. Later, Western medical doctors were jealous of Chinese herbalists and opposed their medical practice, prompting the local government to ban Chinese traditional medicine. However, the support from believers in traditional Chinese medicine keeps the practice of it until now. Nowadays, there are about 50 Chinese herbalists in Victoria. Frank Sum Goon is one of the well-known Chinese herbalists who treats over a hundred patients a day, most of whom are white people. His clinic is very popular and earns over a thousand pounds a week for treating patients. Chen Lian and Liu Fusheng are two other famous Chinese herbalists in Melbourne markets. Surprisingly, traditional Chinese medicine earns recognition in a foreign country where science flourishes when it is losing its popularity in our own country. There must have been a reason for traditional Chinese medicine to continue to exist.<\/td>\r\n\u4e2d\u91ab\u897f\u4eba\u7a31\u70ba\u83ef\u4eba\u8349\u85e5\u5e2b\uff08Chinese Herbalist\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u6fb3\u6d32\u5df2\u6709\u534a\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u8d77\u521d\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u6b21\uff0c\u4e2d\u91ab\u66fe\u594f\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u5f97\u897f\u4eba\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u4e2d\u9593\u96d6\u7d93\u897f\u91ab\u5ac9\u5fcc\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u6b32\u884c\u53d6\u7de0\uff1b\u4f46\u5352\u56e0\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u4e4b\u64c1\u8b77\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002\u73fe\u6642\u50c5\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u4e00\u90a6\uff0c\u4e2d\u91ab\u751f\u7d04\u4e94\u5341\u4eba\u3002\u5c91\u798f\u5143\u541b\u70ba\u8457\u540d\u83ef\u4eba\u8349\u85e5\u5e2b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e5\u5c31\u91ab\u8005\u767e\u9918\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u78a7\u773c\u5152\uff0c\u5176\u9580\u5982\u5e02\uff0c\u6bcf\u661f\u671f\u75b9\u85e5\u91d1\u6536\u5165\u591a\u81f3\u5343\u9918\u938a\u3002\u7f8e\u5229\u6ff1\u5e02\u5834\u5167\u9673\u9023\u541b\u5289\u5bcc\u751f\u541b\u5747\u70ba\u6709\u540d\u7684\u4e2d\u91ab\u751f\u3002\u4e2d\u83ef\u570b\u91ab\u4e4b\u5728\u672c\u570b\u6709\u65e5\u5c31\u8870\u5fae\u7684\u5f62\u52e2\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u660c\u660e\u7684\u7570\u90a6\uff0c\u53cd\u535a\u5f97\u5927\u773e\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u8db3\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u7570\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u570b\u91ab\u91ab\u8853\u5fc5\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u78e8\u6ec5\u4e4b\u7406\u7531\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
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I suppose we still remember the severe flood that occurred years ago in China, when overseas Chinese in Australia generously donated as much as 100,000 yuan. They are so sympathetic and concerned for their compatriots back home, providing considerable financial aid to save those victims. This led the people in China to recognize the generosity and patriotism of the overseas Chinese, encouraging many Chinese industrialists to come to Australia with fundraising lists despite thousands of miles of distance.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\u6211\u5011\u7576\u7336\u8a18\u61b6\u6578\u5e74\u524d\u570b\u5167\u5927\u6c34\u707d\uff0c\u6fb3\u6d32\u83ef\u50d1\u6350\u6b3e\u5341\u842c\u5143\u4e4b\u5de8\u3002\u83ef\u50d1\u5c0d\u65bc\u6d77\u5167\u540c\u80de\u9019\u822c\u6148\u5584\u70ba\u61f7\uff0c\u89e3\u56ca\u6551\u52a9\uff0c\u83ef\u50d1\u4e4b\u6177\u6168\u597d\u7fa9\uff0c\u9042\u70ba\u570b\u4eba\u6240\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5167\u4e8b\u696d\u5c08\u5bb6\u4fbf\u651c\u6350\u7c3f\u4e0d\u9060\u5343\u91cc\u800c\u4f86\u3002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
To truly understand the economic condition of Chinese immigrants in Australia, you should pay attention to the Chinese laborers there and get to know the lives of the lower class. For instance, the hardships of running vegetable gardens are as bitter as chewing vegetable roots.<\/td>\r\n\u7a76\u7adf\u83ef\u50d1\u7d93\u6fdf\u72c0\u6cc1\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u9019\u8981\u8acb\u7559\u5fc3\u50d1\u52d9\u8005\u5230\u83ef\u50d1\u4e0b\u5c64\u751f\u6d3b\u53bb\u8003\u5bdf\uff01\u8b6c\u5982\u7a2e\u83dc\u5712\u7684\u8271\u82e6\uff0c\u90a3\u8981\u50cf\u54ac\u83dc\u6839\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u6ecb\u5473\u3002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Once on a moonlit night, I went for a walk on the outskirts of the city. On the boulevard of La Paruce, the sound of horse hooves approached from afar. In the hazy moonlight, I could vaguely see an old man sitting upright in the carriage, cracking his whip and urging the horse to move forward. My companion told me: \u201cHe is a Chinese vegetable grower. He departed from La Paruce at midnight in order to arrive at the market at 3 a.m.. He is busy all night long.\u201d I was deeply touched by that, and it sparked my interest in visiting the vegetable gardens of the Chinese immigrants.<\/td>\r\n\r\n

\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u6708\u591c\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5230\u90ca\u5916\u6563\u6b65\uff0cLa Paruce\u7684\u5927\u9053\u4e0a\uff0c\u99ac\u8e44\u8072\u97f3\u7531\u9060\u800c\u8fd1\uff0c\u6726\u7c60\u6708\u8272\uff0c\u96b1\u7d04\u53ef\u898b\u8001\u4eba\u7aef\u5750\u8eca\u4e0a\uff0c\u63da\u97ad\u50ac\u99ac\u524d\u9032\u3002\u540c\u4f34\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u662f\u7a2e\u83dc\u5712\u7684\u83ef\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u7531La Paruse \u8981\u5341\u4e8c\u6642\u8d77\u7a0b\uff0c\u591c\u5f8c\u4e09\u6642\u59cb\u80fd\u5230\u9054\u83dc\u5e02\uff0c\u6574\u591c\u52de\u788c\u3002\u300d\u6211\u805e\u8aaa\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u52d5\uff0c\u9083\u5f15\u8d77\u62dc\u8a2a\u83ef\u50d1\u83dc\u5712\u4e4b\u8208\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

On Christmas Eve, a Mr. Wu and his family accompanied me to Windsor. Some Chinese immigrants were running vegetable gardens there. After a sixty-mile carriage ride, we reached one and met four Chinese compatriots inside a wooden shed. All of them are elderly men in their sixties or seventies, with weathered faces and slender figures. They were having a meal together at the time\u2014a plate of vegetables, a plate of meat, small cups of wine, and large bowls of rice\u2014and that was all the comfort they got in their daily toil.<\/td>\r\n\u5728\u8036\u7a4c\u8036\u8a95\u7bc0\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u5055\u540c\u4f0d\u541b\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\u5230Winsor\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u88e1\u6709\u83ef\u50d1\u7d93\u71df\u83dc\u5712\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e58\u8eca\u884c\u4e86\u516d\u5341\u91cc\u4fbf\u5230\u9054\u4e00\u83dc\u5712\uff0c\u5728\u6728\u68da\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6703\u898b\u56db\u4f4d\u50d1\u80de\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u516d\u4e03\u5341\u6b72\u7684\u8001\u4eba\uff0c\u984f\u5bb9\u84bc\u75e9\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u805a\u9910\uff0c\u4e00\u83dc\u4e00\u8089\uff0c\u5c0f\u676f\u9152\uff0c\u5927\u7897\u98ef\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7d42\u65e5\u52de\u788c\u4e2d\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5b89\u6170\u3002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Under the wooden shed, kitchen utensils, stoves, vehicles, farming tools, and grains were neatly placed in different corners. The space of the shed is large, and even with all these items, there is still enough room for workers to eat together. Next to the shed is a wooden hut, where each worker lives in a separate room. In their bedrooms, besides a bed, a stool, and a wooden crate, there are no other furnishings.<\/td>\r\n\u6728\u68da\u5167\u5eda\u7210\u8eca\u8f1b\u8fb2\u5177\u96dc\u7ce7\u90fd\u5206\u9685\u5b89\u653e\u8457\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6728\u68da\u9817\u5927\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5c19\u6709\u7a7a\u5730\u805a\u9910\u3002\u6728\u68da\u4e4b\u508d\u70ba\u4e00\u5ea7\u6728\u5c4b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4eba\u5206\u5c45\u4e00\u5ba4\uff0c\u5be2\u5ba4\u4e2d\u4e00\u5e8a\u4e00\u6ac8\u4e00\u6728\u7bb1\u4ee5\u5916\u7121\u4ed6\u7269\u3002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
The four of them worked together to cultivate a thirteen-acre vegetable garden, which requires numerous irrigations throughout the day, especially in the hot summer when the water demand for the garden increased significantly. The garden consumes an average of 10,000 gallons of water per day, and each thousand gallons of water costs one shilling and two pence. In recent years, due to the global economic downturn, vegetables were sold at low prices, leaving their growers in miserable debt. Additionally, they have to pay thirty-six pounds in land rent annually, not including the income tax levied by the government.<\/td>\r\n\u4ed6\u5011\u56db\u4eba\u5408\u8015\u5341\u4e09\u82f1\u755d\u7684\u83dc\u5712\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e5\u8981\u704c\u6c34\u6578\u6b21\uff0c\u590f\u5929\u6c23\u5019\u708e\u71b1\uff0c\u9700\u6c34\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u65e5\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u842c\u52a0\u4f96\u6c34\uff0c\u6bcf\u5343\u52a0\u4f96\u6c34\u8cbb\u4e00\u5148\u4ee4\u53c8\u4e8c\u4fbf\u58eb\u3002\u8fd1\u6578\u5e74\u4f86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u666f\u6c23\uff0c\u852c\u83dc\u7121\u50f9\uff0c\u50b5\u81fa\u9ad8\u7bc9\uff0c\u9084\u8981\u7d0d\u5730\u79df\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u82f1\u938a\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u5f97\u7a05\u5c19\u5728\u5916\u3002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ten years ago, the world economy was booming, and each worker could earn over one thousand pounds annually. Nowadays, earning one or two pounds a week is not easy. Moreover, since the Italians began their immigration to Australia, Chinese workers have been seriously affected by the low labor prices they quoted. It is said that starting a vegetable garden requires five hundred pounds, while running it costs one thousand pounds per year. These expenditures were borrowed from Chinese merchants, putting heavy financial burdens on the garden owners and making it difficult for them to attain profits.<\/td>\r\n\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u597d\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5de5\u4eba\u53ef\u7372\u5229\u5343\u938a\uff0c\u4eca\u5247\u6bcf\u661f\u671f\u5de5\u8cc7\u4e00\u4e8c\u938a\u4ea6\u4e0d\u6613\u5f97\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\u81ea\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u79fb\u6b96\u6fb3\u6d32\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5de5\u50f9\u4f4e\u8ce4\uff0c\u83ef\u50d1\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0d\u5c11\u3002\u64da\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u83dc\u5712\u958b\u8fa6\u8cbb\u9700\u4e94\u767e\u938a\uff0c\u5e38\u5e74\u7528\u8cbb\u4e00\u5343\u938a\uff0c\u90fd\u5f9e\u83ef\u5546\u501f\u4f86\uff0c\u64d4\u8ca0\u5de8\u91cd\uff0c\u7372\u5229\u4e0d\u6613\u3002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
After the meal, they went back to work, and I talked with them for a while before saying goodbye with handshakes. I recognized that the straw hats they were wearing were shipped from Canton. This kind of hat is called Tungkoomo in Cantonese.<\/td>\r\n\r\n

\u98ef\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u8ac7\u8a71\u4e00\u6703\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f7c\u6b64\u63e1\u5225\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6234\u5728\u982d\u4e0a\u7684\u8349\u5e3d\uff0c\u5373\u7cb5\u8a9e\u6240\u8b02\u9285\u9f13\u5e3d\uff0c\u6211\u8a8d\u5f97\u662f\u7531\u5ee3\u6771\u904b\u4f86\u7684\u3002<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

During my travels in Albury, what fascinated me most was a time-honored Chinese store. Albury City has been around for over one hundred years. This store, however, was built before the city took its shape. The brand name of the shop is Xiangyuan<\/em>\u7965\u6e90, and its owner is from Jianchang<\/em>\u5efa\u660c. It is located at the north corner of Albury Market, surrounded by many open spaces. The reason behind this is that this area used to be a cluster of Chinese communities. Ten years ago, a fire destroyed many buildings there, and only Xiangyuan <\/em>survived.<\/td>\r\n\u5728\u963f\u767e\u91cc\u65c5\u884c\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee4\u6211\u6700\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u8005\uff0c\u70ba\u5f97\u898b\u4e00\u9593\u6975\u8001\u7684\u83ef\u50d1\u5e97\u92ea\u3002\u963f\u767e\u91cc\u6210\u7acb\u5e02\u93ad\u5df2\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u9918\u5e74\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u83ef\u50d1\u8001\u92ea\u5247\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c19\u5728\u6210\u5e02\u4ee5\u524d\u3002\u9019\u9593\u8001\u92ea\uff0c\u5b57\u865f\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u7965\u6e90\u300d\uff0c\u85c9\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u5efa\u660c\u300d\u5728\u963f\u767e\u91cc\u8857\u5e02\u4e4b\u5317\u89d2\uff0c\u56db\u5468\u591a\u7a7a\u5730\uff0c\u84cb\u5f9e\u524d\u6b64\u5730\u70ba\u83ef\u50d1\u53e2\u96c6\u7684\u5340\u57ce\uff0c\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u906d\u706b\u707d\uff0c\u81f4\u88ab\u711a\u53bb\uff0c\u60df\u7965\u6e90\u7368\u5b58\u3002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Opposite Xiang Yuan<\/em> is Zhi Gong<\/em> Hall, a small wooden hut styled like an ancestral temple. Above the altar is a wooden memorial tablet inscribed with \u201cLong live the Emperor of the Great Ming, Forever and Ever.\u201d The couplets on both sides read: \u201cPatriotic heroes unite to save the country; God sends a wise monarch to stabilize the Central Plains.\u201d More than three hundred years have passed since the Manchus overthrew the Ming Dynasty. It is indeed a surprise to find a memorial hall commemorating the Ming Dynasty in a foreign country. How can one not be touched by that? With its people possessing such a resilient national spirit, China shall never perish!<\/td>\r\n\u7965\u6e90\u5c0d\u9762\u70ba\u81f4\u516c\u5802\uff0c\u4e00\u7960\u5802\u6a23\u5b50\u7684\u5c0f\u6728\u5c4b\u4e5f\u3002\u795e\u58c7\u4e0a\u4f9b\u990a\u6728\u724c\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u5beb\u8457\u300c\u5927\u660e\u5929\u5b50\u842c\u6b72\u842c\u842c\u6b72\u4e4b\u795e\u4f4d\uff0c\u300d\u5169\u65c1\u5c0d\u806f\u70ba\u300c\u7fa9\u58eb\u540c\u5fc3\u6276\u793e\u7a37\uff0c\u5929\u964d\u660e\u4e3b\u5b9a\u4e2d\u539f\u3002\u300d\u660e\u4ea1\u65bc\u7570\u65cf\u5df2\u4e09\u767e\u9918\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0d\u610f\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u5f97\u898b\u5927\u660e\u7d00\u5ff5\u5802\uff0c\u80fd\u7121\u611f\u6168\uff01\u83ef\u4eba\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u5f37\u97cc\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u4ea1\u7684\uff01<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
We have witnessed many great achievements by overseas Chinese, and their past struggles are worth reflecting upon. While Chinese people may lack colonial concepts, their ability to colonize can break the world colonial Olympic record. Over the past century, our country has faced invasion by foreign races, political decay, and social collapse. Overseas Chinese, drifting in foreign lands, have had no national support, sometimes even viewed as bystanders by the governments, while foreigners treated them as inferior. Despite facing adversity, overseas Chinese have relied on their physical and intellectual strength to fight against harsh environments and eventually find a way out. This is truly admirable. Overseas Chinese are all warriors in the arena of overseas colonization, with many unsung heroes among them. However, due to space constraints, I can only describe a few outstanding individuals known to me.<\/td>\r\n\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u770b\u898b\u8a31\u591a\u83ef\u50d1\u5049\u5927\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u5247\u5176\u904e\u53bb\u9b25\u596e\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u81ea\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e0d\u8003\u6c42\u3002\u83ef\u4eba\u96d6\u6b20\u6b96\u6c11\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff1b\u4f46\u83ef\u4eba\u6b96\u6c11\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u7834\u4e16\u754c\u6b96\u6c11\u963f\u6797\u6bd4\u514b\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u3002\u6211\u570b\u5728\u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u7570\u65cf\u4ea4\u4fb5\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u9839\u6557\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u5d29\u6f70\u4e4b\u969b\u3002\u83ef\u50d1\u98c4\u6d41\u7570\u57df\uff0c\u5df2\u7121\u570b\u529b\u70ba\u5f8c\u63f4\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u653f\u5e9c\u4e14\u6216\u8996\u70ba\u8def\u4eba\uff0c\u7570\u65cf\u66f4\u4f5c\u725b\u99ac\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u800c\u83ef\u50d1\u65bc\u56f0\u82e6\u8271\u96e3\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6191\u8457\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u9ad4\u529b\u548c\u667a\u529b\uff0c\u8207\u60e1\u52a3\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u640f\u9b25\uff0c\u5352\u80fd\u6253\u958b\u4e00\u689d\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u5341\u5206\u4f69\u670d\u7684\u3002\u83ef\u50d1\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u6d77\u5916\u6b96\u6c11\u89d2\u9010\u5834\u4e2d\u7684\u52c7\u58eb\uff0c\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u7121\u540d\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u88e1\u70ba\u7bc7\u5e45\u6240\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u5c07\u5e7e\u500b\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5c31\u6240\u77e5\u8005\u63cf\u5beb\u3002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
I once visited an old man on the outskirts of Sydney who was over seventy years old, but he didn’t consider himself old at all, and in spirit, he wasn’t. He had a large garden, and I thought he would need at least three gardeners to take care of it; however, he said, \u201cNo need for staff, I handle everything myself.\u201d This old man from Taishan County is Mr. James Ah Chuey. He came to Australia in 1879 at the age of sixteen. He struggled to find work in difficult circumstances, earning a mere five shillings per week for many years as a laborer. With some knowledge of English acquired later, he rose to become a foreman. However, luck was not on his side, he was robbed by the infamous bandit \u201cMoonlight\u201d and lost everything. Later, he and his companions opened a grocery store in Junee, but after operating for a year, they suffered a fire and lost four thousand pounds. Forced to become a trader, he traveled between towns and farms. From these experiences, he gained valuable knowledge of farming and husbandry. Abandoning the trading business, he purchased land for farming, and through diligent efforts, his profits multiplied. Later, his land expanded, and he also engaged in animal husbandry, becoming a sheep broker. His knowledge of wool also grew richer over time. Several years later, he became a prosperous wool merchant, employing eighty white workers to wash and pack wool. In the midst of favorable conditions, he faced a severe drought in Australia for seven years, resulting in the loss of forty thousand sheep. Despite this setback, Mr. James Ah Chuey persevered in his business, and the wool market rebounded in the following year, and James Ah Chuey earned a profit of 15,000 pounds. In 1914, the outbreak of the World War led the British and Australian governments to requisition wool for military uniforms, temporarily halting the wool market. After the war, he resumed his wool business and relocated to Sydney from the countryside. He dedicated thirty-eight years to the wool industry, becoming a renowned figure among the Chinese diaspora as the sheep station owner.<\/td>\r\n\u6211\u5728\u96ea\u68a8\u90ca\u5916\u66fe\u62dc\u8a2a\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e03\u5341\u9918\u6b72\u7684\u8001\u7fc1\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u8a8d\u8001\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7cbe\u795e\u8ad6\u4ea6\u4e26\u4e0d\u8001\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u5ee3\u5927\u7684\u82b1\u5712\uff0c\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u81f3\u5c11\u4ea6\u9808\u990a\u4e09\u500b\u5712\u5de5\u6599\u7406\uff1b\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u54e1\u5de5\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6211\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5305\u8fa6\u3002\u300d\u9019\u4f4d\u81fa\u5c71\u7e23\u8001\u4f2f\u5c31\u662f\u9ec3\u67f1\u541b\uff0c\u65bc\u4e00\u516b\u4e03\u4e5d\u5e74\u98c4\u6d41\u5230\u6fb3\u6d32\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u4ed6\u4e0d\u904e\u5341\u516d\u6b72\u3002\u5728\u5f88\u56f0\u96e3\u4e2d\u8993\u5f97\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bcf\u661f\u671f\u53ea\u6709\u4e94\u500b\u5148\u4ee4\u7684\u5de5\u8cc7\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u82e6\u5de5\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7a0d\u901a\u82f1\u8a9e\uff0c\u5347\u70ba\u5de5\u982d\u3002\u4f46\u6642\u904b\u4ecd\u4e0d\u6fdf\uff0c\u7adf\u906d\u9022\u540d\u8457\u5f37\u76dc\u201cMoonlight\u201d\u88ab\u52ab\u63a0\u4e00\u7a7a\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\u8207\u540c\u4f34\u958b\u5f35\u4e00\u9593\u96dc\u8ca8\u92ea\u5728Junee\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u71df\u696d\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u53c8\u906d\u56de\u797f\uff0c\u640d\u5931\u56db\u5343\u91d1\u938a\u3002\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u5b78\u505a\u884c\u5546\uff0c\u4f86\u5f80\u65bc\u57ce\u9109\u548c\u7267\u5834\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u7a2e\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u8015\u7a2e\u548c\u7267\u84c4\u667a\u8b58\uff0c\u68c4\u53bb\u884c\u5546\u696d\uff0c\u8cfc\u5730\u70ba\u8fb2\uff0c\u52e4\u654f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u7372\u5229\u52a0\u500d\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u9818\u5730\u65e5\u5ee3\uff0c\u517c\u71df\u7267\u84c4\uff0c\u9042\u505a\u4e86\u7f8a\u7d93\u7d00\u4eba\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u7f8a\u6bdb\u667a\u8b58\uff0c\u4ea6\u65e5\u76ca\u8c50\u5bcc\u3002\u6578\u5e74\u5f8c\u4ed6\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb7\u5be6\u7684\u7f8a\u6bdb\u5546\uff0c\u96c7\u7528\u516b\u5341\u500b\u767d\u4eba\u505a\u7f8a\u6bdb\u6d17\u5237\u548c\u6253\u5305\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u5f88\u597d\u666f\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u9047\u8457\u6fb3\u6d32\u4e03\u5e74\u5927\u65f1\u707d\uff0c\u4ed6\u640d\u5931\u4e86\u7f8a\u56db\u842c\u982d\u3002\u9ec3\u67f1\u541b\u4ecd\u7136\u7e7c\u7e8c\u596e\u9b25\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u7f8a\u6bdb\u5e02\u6cc1\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u7372\u5229\u4e00\u842c\u4e94\u5343\u938a\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u56db\u5e74\u5927\u6230\u5149\u81e8\uff0c\u82f1\u6fb3\u653f\u5e9c\u7d71\u5236\u7f8a\u6bdb\u4ee5\u4f9b\u58eb\u5175\u8863\u6599\uff0c\u7f8a\u6bdb\u5e02\u5834\u9042\u66ab\u884c\u505c\u606f\u3002\u548c\u5e73\u5f8c\u4ed6\u518d\u505a\u7f8a\u6bdb\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u4e26\u7531\u9109\u93ae\u9077\u5c45\u96ea\u68a8\u57ce\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u505a\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u516b\u5e74\u7684\u7f8a\u6bdb\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u83ef\u50d1\u4e2d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7f8a\u58e9\u4f6c\u3002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Next, when I arrived at the Melbourne Railway Station, the first Victoria-based Chinese I shook hands with was the renowned Australian barrister, William Ah Ket. It was a moment of great honor for me. Born in Victoria in 1876, Willian studied law at Melbourne University and graduated top of his class in 1902, obtaining qualifications as a judge in the Supreme Court. In 1903, he became a barrister at the Supreme Court, handling numerous high-profile cases, both public and private. He was particularly dedicated to advocating for the interests of the Chinese community and authored several works such as “A Paper on the Chinese and the Factories Acts,” “The Second George Ernest Morrison Lecture in Ethnology,” and “Concerning Herbalists.” In 1912, he returned to China as a representative of the Australian Chinese community. Subsequently, he served twice as an acting consul for China in Australia. Besides his legal practice, he also served as the Chairman of the Footscray Iron Works board. William was not only esteemed among the Chinese community but also highly respected by Australians.<\/td>\r\n\u5176\u6b21\u6211\u5230\u7f8e\u5229\u6ff1\u8eca\u7ad9\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u6211\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u83ef\u50d1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6fb3\u6d32\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684\u9ea5\u932b\u7965\u5927\u5f8b\u5e2b\uff0c\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u5149\u69ae\u3002\u9ea5\u541b\u4ee5\u4e00\u516b\u4e03\u516d\u5e74\u751f\u65bc\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\uff0c\u7fd2\u6cd5\u5f8b\u65bc\u7f8e\u5229\u6ff1\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u3007\u4e8c\u5e74\u7562\u696d\u8003\u8a66\u51a0\u8ecd\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u5230\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u8cc7\u683c\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u3007\u4e09\u5e74\u4efb\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u5ead\u5f8b\u5e2b\uff0c\u51fa\u5ead\u8faf\u8b77\uff0c\u8fa6\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u516c\u79c1\u5927\u6848\u4ef6\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u83ef\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5c24\u6975\u529b\u7dad\u8b77,\u8457\u6709\u201cA Paper on the Chinese and the Factories Acts.\u201d \u201cThe Second George Ernest Morrison Lecture in Ethnology.\u201d \u201cConcerning Herbalists.\u201d\u7b49\u66f8\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e8c\u5e74\u9ea5\u541b\u4ee3\u8868\u6fb3\u6d32\u83ef\u50d1\u6b78\u570b\u3002\u5176\u5f8c\u66fe\u4ee3\u7406\u4e2d\u570b\u99d0\u6fb3\u7e3d\u9818\u4e8b\u5169\u6b21\u3002\u73fe\u6642\u9664\u4efb\u5927\u5f8b\u5e2b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e26\u70baFootscray\u92fc\u9435\u5ee0\u8463\u4e8b\u6703\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u9ea5\u541b\u4e0d\u7368\u70ba\u83ef\u50d1\u4e2d\u51fa\u8272\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4ea6\u6fb3\u6d32\u4eba\u58eb\u6240\u666f\u4ef0\u3002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Mr. Albert Hing, the president of the NSW Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Sydney, is a rising star among overseas Chinese. In his thirties, as a representative figure of the Chinese community, he won back considerable interests and reputation of the Chinese people from the local government.<\/td>\r\n\u96ea\u68a8\u4e2d\u83ef\u7e3d\u5546\u6703\u6703\u9577\u6731\u677e\u6176\u541b\uff0c\u70ba\u83ef\u50d1\u5f8c\u8d77\u7684\u4fca\u79c0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u4e09\u5341\u9918\u6b72\u7684\u9752\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u83ef\u50d1\uff0c\u5411\u7576\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u722d\u56de\u83ef\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u5149\u69ae\u4e0d\u5c11\u3002<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0<\/td>\r\n\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n
\r\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

    \r\n
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    \r\n

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